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With the growing popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), a new type of digital assets, various fraudulent activities have appeared in NFT markets. Among them, wash trading has become one of the most common frauds in NFT markets, which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Xiaolin Wen , Yong Wang , Xuanwu Yue , Feida Zhu , Min Zhu

Smart contracts are programs that are executed on a blockhain. They have been used for applications in voting, decentralized finance, and supply chain management. However, vulnerabilities in smart contracts have been abused by hackers,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Timothy Mou , Michael Coblenz , Jonathan Aldrich

Smart contracts are executable programs that enable the building of a programmable trust mechanism between multiple entities without the need of a trusted third-party. Researchers have developed several security scanners in the past couple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-15 William Zhang , Sebastian Banescu , Leonardo Passos , Steven Stewart , Vijay Ganesh

While smart contracts are foundational elements of blockchain applications, their inherent susceptibility to security vulnerabilities poses a significant challenge. Existing training datasets employed for vulnerability detection tools may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Cuong Tran Manh , Hieu Dinh Vo

The non-fungible token (NFT) is an emergent type of cryptocurrency that has garnered extensive attention since its inception. The uniqueness, indivisibility and humanistic value of NFTs are the key characteristics that distinguish them from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yixiang Tan , Zhiying Wu , Jieli Liu , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng , Ting Chen

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to various backdoor attacks, where the behavior of DNNs can be compromised by utilizing certain types of triggers or poisoning mechanisms. State-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Nazmul Karim , Abdullah Al Arafat , Umar Khalid , Zhishan Guo , Nazanin Rahnavard

As the Ethereum platform continues to mature and gain widespread usage, it is crucial to maintain high standards of smart contract writing practices. While bad practices in smart contracts may not directly lead to security issues, they do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zongwei Li , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Xin Wang

By investigating nonfungible tokens (NFTs), we provide the first systematic study of retail investor behavior through asset bubbles. Given that NFTs are recorded in public blockchains, we are able to track investor behavior over time,…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-13 Andrea Barbon , Angelo Ranaldo

With the rise of "Metaverse" and "Web 3.0", Non-Fungible Token (NFT) has emerged as a kind of pivotal digital asset, garnering significant attention. By the end of March 2024, more than 1.7 billion NFTs have been minted across various…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shuxun Wang , Yunfei Lei , Ziqi Zhang , Wei Liu , Haowei Liu , Li Yang , Wenjuan Li , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

An explosion of interest in Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has led to the emergence of vibrant online marketplaces that enable users to buy, sell and create digital assets. Largely considered contractual representations of digital artworks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Sarah Barrington

Context: Smart contract vulnerabilities pose significant security risks for the Ethereum ecosystem, driving the development of automated tools for detection and mitigation. Smart contracts are written in Solidity, a programming language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Gerardo Iuliano , Davide Corradini , Michele Pasqua , Mariano Ceccato , Dario Di Nucci

The high rate of false alarms from static analysis tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) complicates vulnerability detection in Solidity Smart Contracts, demanding methods that can formally or empirically prove the presence of defects.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ştefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

The emergence of metaverse brings tremendous evolution to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which could certify the ownership the unique digital asset in the cyber world. The NFT market has garnered unprecedented attention from investors and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Zheng Cao , Yi Zhen , Gang Fan , Sheng Gao

Smart contract vulnerabilities caused significant economic losses in blockchain applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide new possibilities for addressing this time-consuming task. However, state-of-the-art LLM-based detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 ZeKe Xiao , Qin Wang , Hammond Pearce , Shiping Chen

Ethereum is the largest blockchain platform that supports smart contracts. Users deploy smart contracts by publishing the smart contract's bytecode to the blockchain. Since the data in the blockchain cannot be modified, even if these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Pengcheng Zhang , Feng Xiao , Xiapu Luo

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs running on the blockchain. They cannot be modified, even when bugs are detected. The Selfdestruct function is the only way to destroy a contract on the blockchain system and transfer all the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Jiachi Chen

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a decentralized proof of ownership represent one of the main reasons why Ethereum is a disruptive technology. This paper presents the first systematic study of the interactions occurring in a number of NFT…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-26 S. Casale-Brunet , P. Ribeca , P. Doyle , M. Mattavelli

With the development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have become an important component of blockchain applications. Despite their crucial role, the development of smart contracts may introduce vulnerabilities and potentially lead…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Chong Chen , Jianzhong Su , Jiachi Chen , Yanlin Wang , Tingting Bi , Jianxing Yu , Yanli Wang , Xingwei Lin , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng

Ponzi schemes, a form of scam, have been discovered in Ethereum smart contracts in recent years, causing massive financial losses. Existing detection methods primarily focus on rule-based approaches and machine learning techniques that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ruichao Liang , Jing Chen , Cong Wu , Kun He , Yueming Wu , Weisong Sun , Ruiying Du , Qingchuan Zhao , Yang Liu