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Related papers: Cost-Optimal Active AI Model Evaluation

200 papers

Human annotation of training samples is expensive, laborious, and sometimes challenging, especially for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. To reduce the labeling cost and enhance the sample efficiency, Active Learning (AL) technique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuesong Wang

Methods for automated collection and annotation are changing the cost-structures of sampling surveys for a wide range of applications. Digital samples in the form of images or audio recordings can be collected rapidly, and annotated by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-08-24 Oscar Beijbom

Active learning, a powerful paradigm in machine learning, aims at reducing labeling costs by selecting the most informative samples from an unlabeled dataset. However, the traditional active learning process often demands extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Gábor Németh , Tamás Matuszka

In the context of text classification, the financial burden of annotation exercises for creating training data is a critical issue. Active learning techniques, particularly those rooted in uncertainty sampling, offer a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Hamidreza Rouzegar , Masoud Makrehchi

Predictive models are often used for real-time decision making. However, typical machine learning techniques ignore feature evaluation cost, and focus solely on the accuracy of the machine learning models obtained utilizing all the features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Leilani Battle , Edward Benson , Aditya Parameswaran , Eugene Wu

This paper is on active learning where the goal is to reduce the data annotation burden by interacting with a (human) oracle during training. Standard active learning methods ask the oracle to annotate data samples. Instead, we take a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Miriam W. Huijser , Jan C. van Gemert

This paper develops a unified framework for evaluating the optimal degree of task automation. Moving beyond binary automate-or-not assessments, we model automation intensity as a continuous choice in which firms minimize costs by selecting…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Wensu Li , Atin Aboutorabi , Harry Lyu , Kaizhi Qian , Martin Fleming , Brian C. Goehring , Neil Thompson

Many inference-time language-model pipelines combine a cheap reward signal with an expensive verifier, such as exact answer checking in mathematical reasoning or hidden-test execution in code generation. We formalize this setting using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shaddin Dughmi , Mahdi Haghifam , Yusuf Hakan Kalayci

This study centers on overcoming the challenge of selecting the best annotators for each query in Active Learning (AL), with the objective of minimizing misclassifications. AL recognizes the challenges related to cost and time when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-02 Diana Mortagua

Improvements in text generation technologies such as machine translation have necessitated more costly and time-consuming human evaluation procedures to ensure an accurate signal. We investigate a simple way to reduce cost by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Belén Saldías , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Qijun Tan

Construction of human-curated annotated datasets for abstractive text summarization (ATS) is very time-consuming and expensive because creating each instance requires a human annotator to read a long document and compose a shorter summary…

Active Learning (AL) addresses the high costs of collecting human annotations by strategically annotating the most informative samples. However, for subjective NLP tasks, incorporating a wide range of perspectives in the annotation process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Michiel van der Meer , Neele Falk , Pradeep K. Murukannaiah , Enrico Liscio

The increasing reliance on human preference feedback to judge AI-generated pseudo labels has created a pressing need for principled, budget-conscious data acquisition strategies. We address the crucial question of how to optimally allocate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-13 Zihan Dong , Xiaotian Hou , Ruijia Wu , Linjun Zhang

Neural approaches have become very popular in Question Answering (QA), however, they require a large amount of annotated data. In this work, we propose a novel approach that combines data augmentation via question-answer generation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Maximilian Kimmich , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Jasmina Bogojeska , Cristiano Malossi , Ngoc Thang Vu

Crowdsourcing platforms offer a practical solution to the problem of affordably annotating large datasets for training supervised classifiers. Unfortunately, poor worker performance frequently threatens to compromise annotation reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Liyue Zhao , Yu Zhang , Gita Sukthankar

Although many AI applications of interest require specialized multi-modal models, relevant data to train such models is inherently scarce or inaccessible. Filling these gaps with human annotators is prohibitively expensive, error-prone, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tim R. Davidson , Benoit Seguin , Enrico Bacis , Cesar Ilharco , Hamza Harkous

Evaluating learned robot control policies to determine their physical task-level capabilities costs experimenter time and effort. The growing number of policies and tasks exacerbates this issue. It is impractical to test every policy on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Abrar Anwar , Rohan Gupta , Zain Merchant , Sayan Ghosh , Willie Neiswanger , Jesse Thomason

Annotating datasets for question answering (QA) tasks is very costly, as it requires intensive manual labor and often domain-specific knowledge. Yet strategies for annotating QA datasets in a cost-effective manner are scarce. To provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Bernhard Kratzwald , Xiang Yue , Huan Sun , Stefan Feuerriegel

Active Learning (AL) aims to reduce annotation costs by strategically selecting the most informative samples for labeling. However, most active learning methods struggle in the low-budget regime where only a few labeled examples are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Netta Shafir , Guy Hacohen , Daphna Weinshall

A major bottleneck in characterizing the failure modes of generative AI systems is the cost and time of annotation and evaluation. Consequently, adaptive testing paradigms have gained popularity, where one opportunistically decides which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Siyu Zhou , Patrick Vossler , Venkatesh Sivaraman , Yifan Mai , Jean Feng