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In recent developments, deep learning methodologies applied to Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revealed a paradox: They improve performance but demand considerable data and resources for their training. Alternatively, quantum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Farha Nausheen , Khandakar Ahmed , M Imad Khan , Farina Riaz

The emerging graph Transformers have achieved impressive performance for graph representation learning over graph neural networks (GNNs). In this work, we regard the self-attention mechanism, the core module of graph Transformers, as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jinsong Chen , Gaichao Li , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He

Attention mechanisms have revolutionized natural language processing. Combining them with quantum computing aims to further advance this technology. This paper introduces a novel Quantum Mixed-State Self-Attention Network (QMSAN) for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Fu Chen , Qinglin Zhao , Li Feng , Chuangtao Chen , Yangbin Lin , Jianhong Lin

Transformer-based language models significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in many linguistic tasks. As this revolution continues, the ability to explain model predictions has become a major area of interest for the NLP community. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Oren Barkan , Edan Hauon , Avi Caciularu , Ori Katz , Itzik Malkiel , Omri Armstrong , Noam Koenigstein

Transformers are increasingly employed for graph data, demonstrating competitive performance in diverse tasks. To incorporate graph information into these models, it is essential to enhance node and edge features with positional encodings.…

We introduce Quantum Graph Neural Networks (QGNN), a new class of quantum neural network ansatze which are tailored to represent quantum processes which have a graph structure, and are particularly suitable to be executed on distributed…

Representing and learning from graphs is essential for developing effective machine learning models tailored to non-Euclidean data. While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) strive to address the challenges posed by complex, high-dimensional graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Wenxuan Wang

In this work, quantum transformers are designed and analysed in detail by extending the state-of-the-art classical transformer neural network architectures known to be very performant in natural language processing and image analysis.…

Quantum computation represents a promising frontier in the domain of high-performance computing, blending quantum information theory with practical applications to overcome the limitations of classical computation. This study investigates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 King Yiu Yu , Aritra Sarkar , Maximilian Rimbach-Russ , Ryoichi Ishihara , Sebastian Feld

Transformers have attained outstanding performance across various modalities, owing to their simple but powerful scaled-dot-product (SDP) attention mechanisms. Researchers have attempted to migrate Transformers to graph learning, but most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Liheng Ma , Soumyasundar Pal , Yingxue Zhang , Philip H. S. Torr , Mark Coates

We introduce Attention Graphs, a new tool for mechanistic interpretability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Transformers based on the mathematical equivalence between message passing in GNNs and the self-attention mechanism in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Batu El , Deepro Choudhury , Pietro Liò , Chaitanya K. Joshi

With the rapid growth of interconnected devices, accurately detecting malicious activities in network traffic has become increasingly challenging. Most existing deep learning-based intrusion detection systems treat network flows as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Devashish Chaudhary , Sutharshan Rajasegarar , Shiva Raj Pokhrel

We provide conceptual and mathematical foundations for near-term quantum natural language processing (QNLP), and do so in quantum computer scientist friendly terms. We opted for an expository presentation style, and provide references for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Bob Coecke , Giovanni de Felice , Konstantinos Meichanetzidis , Alexis Toumi

Quantum computing has been a prominent research area for decades, inspiring transformative fields such as quantum simulation, quantum teleportation, and quantum machine learning (QML), which are undergoing rapid development. Within QML,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Shiwen An , Konstantinos Slavakis

Graph Transformers (GTs) have significantly advanced the field of graph representation learning by overcoming the limitations of message-passing graph neural networks (GNNs) and demonstrating promising performance and expressive power.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Wenhao Zhu , Guojie Song , Liang Wang , Shaoguo Liu

Quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs) have gathered attention as one of the most promising algorithms for quantum machine learning. Reduction in the cost of training as well as improvement in performance is required for practical…

We study a \emph{QDisCoCirc}-inspired, chunked diagram-to-circuit quantum natural language processing (QNLP) model for three-class sentiment classification of financial texts. In our classical simulations, we keep the Hilbert-space…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-24 Takayuki Sakuma

Sentiment analysis is an essential component of natural language processing, used to analyze sentiments, attitudes, and emotional tones in various contexts. It provides valuable insights into public opinion, customer feedback, and user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Kshitij Dave , Nouhaila Innan , Bikash K. Behera , Zahid Mumtaz , Saif Al-Kuwari , Ahmed Farouk

Using a quantum processor to embed and process classical data enables the generation of correlations between variables that are inefficient to represent through classical computation. A fundamental question is whether these correlations…

The Transformer architecture has gained growing attention in graph representation learning recently, as it naturally overcomes several limitations of graph neural networks (GNNs) by avoiding their strict structural inductive biases and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-14 Dexiong Chen , Leslie O'Bray , Karsten Borgwardt