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We propose Dense FixMatch, a simple method for online semi-supervised learning of dense and structured prediction tasks combining pseudo-labeling and consistency regularization via strong data augmentation. We enable the application of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Miquel Martí i Rabadán , Alessandro Pieropan , Hossein Azizpour , Atsuto Maki

The successful application of deep learning to many visual recognition tasks relies heavily on the availability of a large amount of labeled data which is usually expensive to obtain. The few-shot learning problem has attracted increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Zhongjie Yu , Lin Chen , Zhongwei Cheng , Jiebo Luo

Recent state-of-the-art method FlexMatch firstly demonstrated that correctly estimating learning status is crucial for semi-supervised learning (SSL). However, the estimation method proposed by FlexMatch does not take into account…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhimin Chen , Longlong Jing , Liang Yang , Yingwei Li , Bing Li

Label scarcity remains a major challenge in deep learning-based medical image segmentation. Recent studies use strong-weak pseudo supervision to leverage unlabeled data. However, performance is often hindered by inconsistencies between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhiqiang Shen , Peng Cao , Xiaoli Liu , Jinzhu Yang , Osmar R. Zaiane

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation aims to utilize limited labeled images and abundant unlabeled images to achieve label-efficient learning, wherein the weak-to-strong consistency regularization framework, popularized by FixMatch, is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Wentao Pan , Zhe Xu , Jiangpeng Yan , Zihan Wu , Raymond Kai-yu Tong , Xiu Li , Jianhua Yao

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods targeting scene images have seen a rapid growth recently, and they mostly rely on either a dedicated dense matching mechanism or a costly unsupervised object discovery module. This paper shows that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ke Zhu , Minghao Fu , Jianxin Wu

We propose a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) method that adopts selective training with pseudo labels. In our method, we generate hard pseudo-labels and also estimate their confidence, which represents how likely each pseudo-label is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Masato Ishii

Constrained clustering allows the training of classification models using pairwise constraints only, which are weak and relatively easy to mine, while still yielding full-supervision-level model performance. While they perform well even in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jann Goschenhofer , Bernd Bischl , Zsolt Kira

Recent state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods use a combination of image-based transformations and consistency regularization as core components. Such methods, however, are limited to simple transformations such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Chia-Wen Kuo , Chih-Yao Ma , Jia-Bin Huang , Zsolt Kira

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to leverage massive unlabeled data when labels are expensive to obtain. Unfortunately, in many real-world applications, the collected unlabeled data will inevitably contain unseen-class outliers not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Zekun Li , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. To mitigate potentially incorrect pseudo labels, recent frameworks mostly set a fixed confidence threshold to discard uncertain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Lihe Yang , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Yu Qiao , Yinghuan Shi , Hengshuang Zhao

Semi-supervised learning approaches have emerged as an active area of research to combat the challenge of obtaining large amounts of annotated data. Towards the goal of improving the performance of semi-supervised learning methods, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Ashima Garg , Shaurya Bagga , Yashvardhan Singh , Saket Anand

Conventional methods in semi-supervised learning (SSL) often face challenges related to limited data utilization, mainly due to their reliance on threshold-based techniques for selecting high-confidence unlabeled data during training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Wenjin Zhang , Keyi Li , Sen Yang , Chenyang Gao , Wanzhao Yang , Sifan Yuan , Ivan Marsic

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to help reduce the cost of the manual labelling process by leveraging a substantial pool of unlabelled data alongside a limited set of labelled data during the training phase. Since pixel-level manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Wanli Ma , Oktay Karakus , Paul L. Rosin

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) aims to address the challenge of limited labeled data in multi-label learning (MLL) by leveraging unlabeled data to improve the model's performance. While pseudo-labeling has become a dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Bo Han , Zhuoming Li , Xiaoyu Wang , Yaxin Hou , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou , Yuheng Jia

This paper tackles the problem of semi-supervised learning when the set of labeled samples is limited to a small number of images per class, typically less than 10, problem that we refer to as barely-supervised learning. We analyze in depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Thomas Lucas , Philippe Weinzaepfel , Gregory Rogez

Computer-aided diagnosis via deep learning relies on large-scale annotated data sets, which can be costly when involving expert knowledge. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) mitigates this challenge by leveraging unlabeled data. One effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Prashnna Kumar Gyawali , Sandesh Ghimire , Pradeep Bajracharya , Zhiyuan Li , Linwei Wang

Recent semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods are commonly based on pseudo labeling. Since the SSL performance is greatly influenced by the quality of pseudo labels, mutual learning has been proposed to effectively suppress the noises in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Pan Zhang , Bo Zhang , Ting Zhang , Dong Chen , Fang Wen

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is important for reducing the annotation cost for medical image segmentation models. State-of-the-art SSL methods such as Mean Teacher, FixMatch and Cross Pseudo Supervision (CPS) are mainly based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Weiren Zhao , Lanfeng Zhong , Xin Liao , Wenjun Liao , Sichuan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Guotai Wang

Semi-supervised learning for medical image segmentation presents a unique challenge of efficiently using limited labeled data while leveraging abundant unlabeled data. Despite advancements, existing methods often do not fully exploit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Bin Zhao , Chunshi Wang , Shuxue Ding