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A key challenge in training Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents, compared to Language Model (LLM) agents, lies in the shift from textual states to complex visual observations. This transition introduces partial observability and demands…

Visual reasoning, particularly spatial reasoning, is a challenging cognitive task that requires understanding object relationships and their interactions within complex environments, especially in robotics domain. Existing vision_language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Simindokht Jahangard , Mehrzad Mohammadi , Abhinav Dhall , Hamid Rezatofighi

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning on text and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are highly effective for visual perception, applying those models for visual instruction-based planning remains a widely open problem. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Mohamed Salim Aissi , Clemence Grislain , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud , Laure Soulier , Nicolas Thome

Recently, to comprehensively improve Vision Language Models (VLMs) for Visual Question Answering (VQA), several methods have been proposed to further reinforce the inference capabilities of VLMs to independently tackle VQA tasks rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zeqing Wang , Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Runmeng Chen , Minjie Lang , Xiao Wang , Keze Wang , Liang Lin

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically rely on text-only reasoning based on a single-pass visual encoding, which often leads to loss of fine-grained visual information. Recently the proposal of ''thinking with images''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junfei Wu , Jian Guan , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Wei Wu , Tieniu Tan

Building robust vision systems for high-stakes domains such as remote sensing requires stronger visual reasoning than what single-pass inference typically provides; yet, retraining large models is often computationally expensive and data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chung-En Johnny Yu , Brian Jalaian , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Recent multimodal LLMs have shown promise in chart-based visual question answering, but their performance declines sharply on unannotated charts-those requiring precise visual interpretation rather than relying on textual shortcuts. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Rachneet Kaur , Nishan Srishankar , Zhen Zeng , Sumitra Ganesh , Manuela Veloso

While vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks combining textual and visual information, they continue to struggle with fine-grained visual perception tasks that require detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhehao Zhang , Ryan Rossi , Tong Yu , Franck Dernoncourt , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Sungchul Kim , Xiang Chen , Zichao Wang , Nedim Lipka

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often suffer from visual hallucinations: generating things that are not consistent with visual inputs and language shortcuts, where they skip the visual part and just rely on text priors. These issues arise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zongxia Li , Wenhao Yu , Chengsong Huang , Zhenwen Liang , Rui Liu , Fuxiao Liu , Jingxi Che , Dian Yu , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable reliability and advanced capabilities through extended test-time reasoning. However, extending these capabilities to Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yuhao Dong , Zuyan Liu , Shulin Tian , Yongming Rao , Ziwei Liu

The advent of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly advanced end-to-end autonomous driving, demonstrating powerful reasoning abilities for high-level behavior planning tasks. However, existing methods are often constrained by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Weicheng Zheng , Xiaofei Mao , Nanfei Ye , Pengxiang Li , Kun Zhan , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Compositional visual reasoning has emerged as a key research frontier in multimodal AI, aiming to endow machines with the human-like ability to decompose visual scenes, ground intermediate concepts, and perform multi-step logical inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Fucai Ke , Joy Hsu , Zhixi Cai , Zixian Ma , Xin Zheng , Xindi Wu , Sukai Huang , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Ranjay Krishna , Jiajun Wu , Hamid Rezatofighi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in open-vocabulary perceptual tasks, yet their ability to solve complex cognitive problems remains limited, especially when visual details are abstract and require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Boyi Li , Yifan Shen , Yuanzhe Liu , Yifan Xu , Jiateng Liu , Xinzhuo Li , Zhengyuan Li , Jingyuan Zhu , Yunhan Zhong , Fangzhou Lan , Jianguo Cao , James M. Rehg , Heng Ji , Ismini Lourentzou , Xu Cao

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Language-guided segmentation transcends the scope limitations of traditional semantic segmentation, enabling models to segment arbitrary target regions based on natural language instructions. Existing approaches typically adopt a two-stage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chao Hao , Jun Xu , Ji Du , Shuo Ye , Ziyue Qiao , Xiaodong Cun , Guangcong Wang , Xubin Zheng , Zitong Yu

Vision-language-action (VLA) reasoning tasks require agents to interpret multimodal instructions, perform long-horizon planning, and act adaptively in dynamic environments. Existing approaches typically train VLA models in an end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Chi-Pin Huang , Yueh-Hua Wu , Min-Hung Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Fu-En Yang

Visual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (VRAG) enhances Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by incorporating external visual documents to address a given query. Existing VRAG frameworks usually depend on rigid, pre-defined external tools to extend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuqi Xiong , Chunyi Peng , Zhipeng Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Zulong Chen , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Visual reasoning is essential for building intelligent agents that understand the world and perform problem-solving beyond perception. Differentiable forward reasoning has been developed to integrate reasoning with gradient-based machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hikaru Shindo , Viktor Pfanschilling , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Recent works have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) could empower traditional neuro-symbolic models via programming capabilities to translate language into module descriptions, thus achieving strong visual reasoning results while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhenfang Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Yining Hong , Chuang Gan

Vision-language models (VLMs) aim to reason by jointly leveraging visual and textual modalities. While allocating additional inference-time computation has proven effective for large language models (LLMs), achieving similar scaling in VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingjia Shi , Yinhan He , Yaochen Zhu , Jundong Li