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While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning, they are also more susceptible to producing harmful content compared to models that focus solely on text. Existing defensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yilei Jiang , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue

The emergence of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) introduces a new paradigm of explicit reasoning, enabling remarkable advances yet posing unique risks such as reasoning manipulation and information leakage. To mitigate these risks, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jingnan Zheng , Jingjun Xu , Yanzhen Luo , Chenhang Cui , Gelei Deng , Zhenkai Liang , Xiang Wang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in reasoning-intensive tasks, but they remain vulnerable to harmful content generation, particularly in the mid-to-late steps of their reasoning processes. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuquan Wang , Mi Zhang , Yining Wang , Geng Hong , Mi Wen , Xiaoyu You , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit weaknesses in traditional safety alignment, which often relies on rigid refusal heuristics or representation engineering to block harmful outputs. While they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuyou Zhang , Miao Li , William Han , Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Ding Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various NLP benchmarks. However, excelling in complex tasks that require nuanced reasoning and precise decision-making demands more than raw language proficiency--LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Ang Li , Yichuan Mo , Mingjie Li , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

As LLMs become increasingly prevalent across various applications, it is critical to establish safety guardrails to moderate input/output content of LLMs. Existing guardrail models treat various safety categories independently and fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Mintong Kang , Bo Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking, which can elicit harmful or unsafe behaviors. This vulnerability is exacerbated in multilingual settings, where multilingual safety-aligned data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Shuo Li , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved tremendous success with their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet also face safety issues similar to those of basic language models. In particular, while algorithms are designed to guide them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zeming Wei , Qiaosheng Zhang , Xia Hu , Xingcheng Xu

Large language models increasingly rely on explicit chain-of-thought reasoning to solve complex tasks, yet the safety of the reasoning process itself remains largely unaddressed. Existing work focuses predominantly on content safety (i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xunguang Wang , Yuguang Zhou , Qingyue Wang , Zongjie Li , Ruixuan Huang , Zhenlan Ji , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

Aligning Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with safety standards is essential to mitigate risks arising from their multimodal complexity, where integrating vision and language unveils subtle threats beyond the reach of conventional safeguards.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Menglan Chen , Xianghe Pang , Jingjing Dong , WenHao Wang , Yaxin Du , Siheng Chen

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive performances across diverse domains. However, how the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) benefits from enhanced reasoning capabilities against jailbreak queries remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junda Zhu , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Lei Sha

Current safety alignment techniques for large language models (LLMs) face two key challenges: (1) under-generalization, which leaves models vulnerable to novel jailbreak attacks, and (2) over-alignment, which leads to the excessive refusal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yutao Mou , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large reasoning models (LRMs) extend large language models by generating explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, significantly improving mathematical and logical problem solving. However, this explicit reasoning process also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jinghan Jia , Nathalie Baracaldo , Sijia Liu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable success on reasoning-intensive tasks such as mathematics and programming. However, their enhanced reasoning capabilities do not necessarily translate to improved safety performance-and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhexin Zhang , Xian Qi Loye , Victor Shea-Jay Huang , Junxiao Yang , Qi Zhu , Shiyao Cui , Fei Mi , Lifeng Shang , Yingkang Wang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated progress toward artificial general intelligence, yet their potential to generate harmful content poses critical safety challenges. Existing alignment methods often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Kehua Feng , Keyan Ding , Yuhao Wang , Menghan Li , Fanjunduo Wei , Xinda Wang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has driven their adoption across diverse domains, yet their ability to generate harmful content poses significant safety challenges. While extensive research has focused on mitigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yuanzhe Shen , Zisu Huang , Zhengkang Guo , Yide Liu , Guanxu Chen , Ruicheng Yin , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Although Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have progressed in solving complex problems, their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning often contains harmful content that can persist even when the final responses appear safe. We show that this issue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yichi Zhang , Yue Ding , Jingwen Yang , Tianwei Luo , Dongbai Li , Ranjie Duan , Qiang Liu , Hang Su , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

Reasoning methods that adaptively allocate test-time compute have advanced LLM performance on easy to verify domains such as math and code. In this work, we study how to utilize this approach to train models that exhibit a degree of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taeyoun Kim , Fahim Tajwar , Aditi Raghunathan , Aviral Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various tasks, yet concerns about their safety and security have emerged. In particular, they pose risks of generating harmful content and are vulnerable to jailbreaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeming Wei , Chengcan Wu , Meng Sun
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