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Tool learning is increasingly important for large language models (LLMs) to effectively coordinate and utilize a diverse set of tools in order to solve complex real-world tasks. By selecting and integrating appropriate tools, LLMs extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zheng Fang , Wolfgang Mayer , Zeyu Zhang , Jian Wang , Hong-Yu Zhang , Wanli Li , Zaiwen Feng

Autonomous agents powered by language models (LMs) have demonstrated promise in their ability to perform decision-making tasks such as web automation. However, a key limitation remains: LMs, primarily optimized for natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jing Yu Koh , Stephen McAleer , Daniel Fried , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Discovering novel catalysts requires complex reasoning involving multiple chemical properties and resultant trade-offs, leading to a combinatorial growth in the search space. While large language models (LLM) have demonstrated novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Henry W. Sprueill , Carl Edwards , Mariefel V. Olarte , Udishnu Sanyal , Heng Ji , Sutanay Choudhury

Software engineers operating in complex and dynamic environments must continuously adapt to evolving requirements, learn iteratively from experience, and reconsider their approaches based on new insights. However, current large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Antonis Antoniades , Albert Örwall , Kexun Zhang , Yuxi Xie , Anirudh Goyal , William Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have made impressive progress in chemistry applications. However, the community lacks an LLM specifically designed for chemistry. The main challenges are two-fold: firstly, most chemical data and scientific…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly applied to complex, multi-step tasks that require interaction with diverse external tools across various domains. However, current LLM agent tool planning methods typically rely on greedy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Shuo Yang , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding , Shuhe Wang , Eduard Hoy

Context: Manual qualitative data analysis is time-intensive and can compromise validity and replicability, affecting analysis design, implementation, and reporting. Large Language Models (LLMs) enable human-bot collaboration in Software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Aakash Ahmad , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Wang Xiaofeng , Anh Nguyen Duc , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in various domains, but they often lack the ability to access and reason over domain-specific knowledge and tools. In this paper, we introduced CACTUS (Chemistry Agent Connecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Andrew D. McNaughton , Gautham Ramalaxmi , Agustin Kruel , Carter R. Knutson , Rohith A. Varikoti , Neeraj Kumar

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being explored for problem-solving tasks. However, their strategic planning capability is often viewed with skepticism. Recent studies have incorporated the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bingzheng Gan , Yufan Zhao , Tianyi Zhang , Jing Huang , Yusu Li , Shu Xian Teo , Changwang Zhang , Wei Shi

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for aiding graduate level education, but are limited by their training data and potential confabulations. We developed ChemTAsk, an open-source pipeline that combines LLMs with retrieval-augmented…

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) aims to automatically discover high-performing deep neural network (DNN) architectures. However, conventional algorithm-driven NAS relies on carefully hand-crafted search spaces to ensure executability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Masakazu Yoshimura , Zitang Sun , Yuiko Sakuma , Junji Otsuka , Atsushi Irie , Takeshi Ohashi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in the biomedical domain with the advancement of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, existing retrieval-augmented approaches face challenges in addressing diverse queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Minda Hu , Licheng Zong , Hongru Wang , Jingyan Zhou , Jingjing Li , Yichen Gao , Kam-Fai Wong , Yu Li , Irwin King

Identifying reliable synthesis pathways in materials chemistry is a complex task, particularly in polymer science, due to the intricate and often non-unique nomenclature of macromolecules. To address this challenge, we propose an agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Qinyu Ma , Yuhao Zhou , Jianfeng Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential across diverse fields. While LLMs have been applied to molecular simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) in computer-aided synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kenan Li , Yijian Zhang , Jin Wang , Haipeng Gan , Zeying Sun , Xiaoguang Lei , Hao Dong

Designing efficient reward functions for low-level control tasks is a challenging problem. Recent research aims to reduce reliance on expert experience by using Large Language Models (LLMs) with task information to generate dense reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ning Gao , Xiuhui Zhang , Xingyu Jiang , Mukang You , Mohan Zhang , Yue Deng

Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to reshape how chemists plan and run reactions in organic synthesis. Trained on millions of reported transformations, these text-based models can propose synthetic routes, forecast reaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kartar Kumar Lohana Tharwani , Rajesh Kumar , Sumita , Numan Ahmed , Yong Tang

Process simulation is a critical cornerstone of chemical engineering design. Current automated chemical design methodologies focus mainly on various representations of process flow diagrams. However, transforming these diagrams into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xufei Tian , Wenli Du , Shaoyi Yang , Han Hu , Hui Xin , Shifeng Qu , Ke Ye

Chemistry plays a crucial role in many domains, such as drug discovery and material science. While large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 exhibit remarkable capabilities on natural language processing tasks, existing research indicates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Botao Yu , Frazier N. Baker , Ziqi Chen , Xia Ning , Huan Sun