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We introduce a novel generative model for the representation of joint probability distributions of a possibly large number of discrete random variables. The approach uses measure transport by randomized assignment flows on the statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-15 Bastian Boll , Daniel Gonzalez-Alvarado , Stefania Petra , Christoph Schnörr

Generating samples given a specific label requires estimating conditional distributions. We derive a tractable upper bound of the Wasserstein distance between conditional distributions to lay the theoretical groundwork to learn conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-29 Young-geun Kim , Kyungbok Lee , Youngwon Choi , Joong-Ho Won , Myunghee Cho Paik

Many studies have been conducted on flows of probability measures, often in terms of gradient flows. We utilize a generalized notion of derivatives with respect to time to model the instantaneous evolution of empirically observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-16 Yaqing Chen , Hans-Georg Müller

Many machine learning problems can be seen as approximating a \textit{target} distribution using a \textit{particle} distribution by minimizing their statistical discrepancy. Wasserstein Gradient Flow can move particles along a path that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-07 Song Liu , Jiahao Yu , Jack Simons , Mingxuan Yi , Mark Beaumont

Sampling from high-dimensional distributions is a fundamental problem in statistical research and practice. However, great challenges emerge when the target density function is unnormalized and contains isolated modes. We tackle this…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-11 Yixuan Qiu , Xiao Wang

A novel variational inference based resampling framework is proposed to evaluate the robustness and generalization capability of deep learning models with respect to distribution shift. We use Auto Encoding Variational Bayes to find a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Xudong Sun , Alexej Gossmann , Yu Wang , Bernd Bischl

As deep learning models grow in complexity and the volume of training data increases, reducing storage and computational costs becomes increasingly important. Dataset distillation addresses this challenge by synthesizing a compact set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhe Li , Sarah Cechnicka , Cheng Ouyang , Katharina Breininger , Peter Schüffler , Bernhard Kainz

In this work, we introduce a novel framework for privately optimizing objectives that rely on Wasserstein distances between data-dependent empirical measures. Our main theoretical contribution is, based on an explicit formulation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 David Rodríguez-Vítores , Clément Lalanne , Jean-Michel Loubes

Distributional ambiguity sets provide quantifiable ways to characterize the uncertainty about the true probability distribution of random variables of interest. This makes them a key element in data-driven robust optimization by exploiting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-26 Dimitris Boskos , Jorge Cortés , Sonia Martínez

Many scientific systems, such as cellular populations or economic cohorts, are naturally described by probability distributions that evolve over time. Predicting how such a system would have evolved under different forces or initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Tristan Luca Saidi , Gonzalo Mena , Larry Wasserman , Florian Gunsilius

We present a computationally efficient framework, called $\texttt{FlowDRO}$, for solving flow-based distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems with Wasserstein uncertainty sets while aiming to find continuous worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chen Xu , Jonghyeok Lee , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

We introduce manifold-learning flows (M-flows), a new class of generative models that simultaneously learn the data manifold as well as a tractable probability density on that manifold. Combining aspects of normalizing flows, GANs,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-16 Johann Brehmer , Kyle Cranmer

This article details a novel numerical scheme to approximate gradient flows for optimal transport (i.e. Wasserstein) metrics. These flows have proved useful to tackle theoretically and numerically non-linear diffusion equations that model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-10 Gabriel Peyré

Diffusion and flow-based generative models have achieved remarkable success in domains such as image synthesis, video generation, and natural language modeling. In this work, we extend these advances to weight space learning by leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Daniel Saragih , Deyu Cao , Tejas Balaji

Diffusion-based models on continuous spaces have seen substantial recent progress through the mathematical framework of gradient flows, leveraging the Wasserstein-2 (${W}_2$) metric via the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dario Rancati , Jan Maas , Francesco Locatello

The analysis of samples of random objects that do not lie in a vector space is gaining increasing attention in statistics. An important class of such object data is univariate probability measures defined on the real line. Adopting the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-07 Yaqing Chen , Zhenhua Lin , Hans-Georg Müller

Developing machine learning methods that are privacy preserving is today a central topic of research, with huge practical impacts. Among the numerous ways to address privacy-preserving learning, we here take the perspective of computing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Liva Ralaivola

Many tasks in machine learning and signal processing can be solved by minimizing a convex function of a measure. This includes sparse spikes deconvolution or training a neural network with a single hidden layer. For these problems, we study…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Lenaic Chizat , Francis Bach

We study a natural Wasserstein gradient flow on manifolds of probability distributions with discrete sample spaces. We derive the Riemannian structure for the probability simplex from the dynamical formulation of the Wasserstein distance on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Wuchen Li , Guido Montufar

We study the problem of estimating a sequence of evolving probability distributions from historical data, where the underlying distribution changes over time in a nonstationary and nonparametric manner. To capture gradual changes, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Edward J. Anderson , Dominic S. T. Keehan