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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been extensively employed to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods for multi-hop reasoning tasks often lack global planning, increasing the risk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yijie Zhu , Haojie Zhou , Wanting Hong , Tailin Liu , Ning Wang

Agentic RAG is a powerful technique for incorporating external information that LLMs lack, enabling better problem solving and question answering. However, suboptimal search behaviors exist widely, such as over-search (retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Peilin Wu , Mian Zhang , Kun Wan , Wentian Zhao , Kaiyu He , Xinya Du , Zhiyu Chen

Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) provides a promising way to expand coverage in wireless communications. However, limitation of single STAR-RIS inspire us to integrate the concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Pei-Hsiang Liao , Li-Hsiang Shen , Po-Chen Wu , Kai-Ten Feng

Large language models have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities but are inherently limited by their knowledge reservoir. Retrieval-augmented reasoning mitigates this limitation by allowing LLMs to query external resources, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yaorui Shi , Sihang Li , Chang Wu , Zhiyuan Liu , Junfeng Fang , Hengxing Cai , An Zhang , Xiang Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to answer questions more accurately. However, research on evaluating RAG systems-particularly the retriever component-remains limited, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Thomas Ströhle , Ruth Breu

Recent work reports strong performance from multi-agent LLM systems (MAS), but these gains are often confounded by increased test-time computation. When computation is normalized, single-agent systems (SAS) can match or outperform MAS, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dat Tran , Douwe Kiela

The rapid evolution of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) toward multimodal, high-stakes enterprise applications has outpaced the development of domain specific evaluation benchmarks. Existing datasets often rely on general-domain corpora…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chandan Kumar Sahu , Premith Kumar Chilukuri , Matthew Hetrich

Multi-hop logical reasoning on knowledge graphs is a pivotal task in natural language processing, with numerous approaches aiming to answer First-Order Logic (FOL) queries. Recent geometry (e.g., box, cone) and probability (e.g., beta…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jeonghoon Kim , Heesoo Jung , Hyeju Jang , Hogun Park

Solving mathematical reasoning problems requires not only accurate access to relevant knowledge but also careful, multi-step thinking. However, current retrieval-augmented models often rely on a single perspective, follow inflexible search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ali Asgarov , Umid Suleymanov , Aadyant Khatri

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) analysts must answer complex questions over large collections of narrative security reports. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems help language models access external knowledge, but traditional vector…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dzenan Hamzic , Florian Skopik , Max Landauer , Markus Wurzenberger , Andreas Rauber

In Textual question answering (TQA) systems, complex questions often require retrieving multiple textual fact chains with multiple reasoning steps. While existing benchmarks are limited to single-chain or single-hop retrieval scenarios. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Iterative retrieval-augmented generation (iRAG) models offer an effective approach for multi-hop question answering (QA). However, their retrieval process faces two key challenges: (1) it can be disrupted by irrelevant documents or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinyuan Fang , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Lexical and semantic matches are commonly used as relevance measurements for information retrieval. Together they estimate the semantic equivalence between the query and the candidates. However, semantic equivalence is not the only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Fan Luo , Mihai Surdeanu

The reasoning segmentation task, which demands a nuanced comprehension of intricate queries to accurately pinpoint object regions, is attracting increasing attention. However, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLM) often find it difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Xiaoyi Bao , Siyang Sun , Shuailei Ma , Kecheng Zheng , Yuxin Guo , Guosheng Zhao , Yun Zheng , Xingang Wang

As conventional answer selection (AS) methods generally match the question with each candidate answer independently, they suffer from the lack of matching information between the question and the candidate. To address this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yingxue Zhang , Fandong Meng , Peng Li , Ping Jian , Jie Zhou

The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach enhances question-answering systems and dialogue generation tasks by integrating information retrieval (IR) technologies with large language models (LLMs). This strategy, which retrieves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Duolin Sun , Dan Yang , Yue Shen , Yihan Jiao , Zhehao Tan , Jie Feng , Lianzhen Zhong , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective at enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet underlying mechanisms driving this success remain largely opaque. Our analysis reveals that puzzling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haozhe Wang , Qixin Xu , Che Liu , Junhong Wu , Fangzhen Lin , Wenhu Chen

Embodied navigation agents built upon large reasoning models (LRMs) can handle complex, multimodal environmental input and perform grounded reasoning per step to improve sequential decision-making for long-horizon tasks. However, a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 He Zhao , Yijun Yang , Zichuan Lin , Deheng Ye , Chunyan Miao

Differentiable architecture search (DAS) has made great progress in searching for high-performance architectures with reduced computational cost. However, DAS-based methods mainly focus on searching for a repeatable cell structure, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Guanting Liu , Yujie Zhong , Sheng Guo , Matthew R. Scott , Weilin Huang

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou