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Alignment of large language models (LLMs) has predominantly relied on pairwise preference optimization, where annotators select the better of two responses to a prompt. While simple, this approach overlooks the opportunity to learn from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuxuan Tang , Yifan Feng

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical for real-world deployment, yet existing methods like RLHF face computational and stability challenges. While DPO establishes an offline paradigm with single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Junkang Wu , Kexin Huang , Xue Wang , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Jiancan Wu , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) are both helpful and harmless is a critical challenge, as overly strict constraints can lead to excessive refusals, while permissive models risk generating harmful content. Existing approaches,…

Audio generation has attracted significant attention. Despite remarkable enhancement in audio quality, existing models overlook diversity evaluation. This is partially due to the lack of a systematic sound class diversity framework and a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Baihan Li , Zeyu Xie , Xuenan Xu , Yiwei Guo , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Kai Yu , Mengyue Wu

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) have shown that language model (LM)-based systems offer competitive performance to their counterparts. Further optimization can be achieved through preference alignment algorithms, which adjust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jinchuan Tian , Chunlei Zhang , Jiatong Shi , Hao Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Shinji Watanabe , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet aligning their generations with human preferences remains a critical challenge. Existing approaches to preference modeling often rely on an explicit or implicit reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zhuocheng Gong , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has exhibited promise in utilizing external knowledge, its generation process heavily depends on the quality and accuracy of the retrieved context. Large language models (LLMs) struggle to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shi-Qi Yan , Quan Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) hold immense potential for complex multimodal instruction following, yet their development is often hindered by the high cost and inconsistency of human annotation required for effective fine-tuning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruirui Gao , Emily Johnson , Bowen Tan , Yanfei Qian

Most Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) adopt preference alignment techniques, e.g., DPO~\citep{rafailov2024dpo}, to optimize the reward margin between a winning response ($y_w$) and a losing response ($y_l$). However, the likelihood…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xiaodong Wang , Jinfa Huang , Li Yuan , Peixi Peng

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

The last year has witnessed the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains. Among them, CodeLLMs have garnered particular attention because they can not only assist in completing various programming tasks but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yibo Miao , Bofei Gao , Shanghaoran Quan , Junyang Lin , Daoguang Zan , Jiaheng Liu , Jian Yang , Tianyu Liu , Zhijie Deng

With the rapid development of AIGC technology, significant progress has been made in diffusion model-based technologies for text-to-image (T2I) and text-to-video (T2V). In recent years, a few studies have introduced the strategy of Direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Lifan Jiang , Boxi Wu , Jiahui Zhang , Xiaotong Guan , Shuang Chen

Current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) struggle with fine-grained or precise understanding of visuals although they give comprehensive perception and reasoning in a spectrum of vision applications. Recent studies either develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ziang Yan , Zhilin Li , Yinan He , Chenting Wang , Kunchang Li , Xinhao Li , Xiangyu Zeng , Zilei Wang , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Limin Wang , Yi Wang

The prevalent use of Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) in Large Language Models (LLMs) facilitates robust handling of subword units and avoids issues of out-of-vocabulary words. Despite its success, a critical challenge persists: long tokens, rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Haoran Lian , Yizhe Xiong , Zijia Lin , Jianwei Niu , Shasha Mo , Hui Chen , Peng Liu , Guiguang Ding

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

LLM-powered code generation has the potential to revolutionize creative coding endeavors, such as live-coding, by enabling users to focus on structural motifs over syntactic details. In such domains, when prompting an LLM, users may benefit…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Sam Kouteili , Hiren Madhu , George Typaldos , Mark Santolucito

In the field of large language models (LLMs), aligning models with the diverse preferences of users is a critical challenge. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has played a key role in this area. It works by using pairs of preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yi Gu , Hai Huang , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

The recent success in using human preferences to align large language models (LLMs) has significantly improved their performance in various downstream tasks, such as question answering, mathematical reasoning, and code generation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiaoqiang Lin , Arun Verma , Zhongxiang Dai , Daniela Rus , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

As creative writing tasks do not have singular correct answers, large language models (LLMs) trained to perform these tasks should be able to generate diverse valid outputs. However, LLM post-training often focuses on improving generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 John Joon Young Chung , Vishakh Padmakumar , Melissa Roemmele , Yuqian Sun , Max Kreminski