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We prove an Erd\H{o}s-Kac type of theorem for the set $S(x,y)=\{n\leq x: p|n \Rightarrow p\leq y \}$. If $\omega (n)$ is the number of prime factors of $n$, we prove that the distribution of $\omega(n)$ for $n \in S(x,y)$ is Gaussian for a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Marzieh Mehdizadeh

Let $\omega(n)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of a natural number $n$. In 1940, Erd\H{o}s and Kac established that $\omega(n)$ obeys the Gaussian distribution over natural numbers. In 2004, the third author generalized their…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Sourabhashis Das , Wentang Kuo , Yu-Ru Liu

Let $\omega(n)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of a natural number $n$. In 1940, Erd\H{o}s and Kac established that $\omega(n)$ obeys the Gaussian distribution over natural numbers, and in 2004, the third author generalized…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Sourabhashis Das , Wentang Kuo , Yu-Ru Liu

Given a natural number $n$, let $\omega\left(n\right)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of $n$, let $Z$ denote a standard normal variable, and let $P_{n}$ denote the uniform distribution on $\left\{ 1,\ldots,n\right\} $. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Matthew Levy , Joseph Squillace

Let $\omega(n)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of a natural number $n$. In 1917, Hardy and Ramanujan proved that $\omega(n)$ has normal order $\log \log n$ over naturals. In this work, we establish the first and the second…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Sourabhashis Das , Wentang Kuo , Yu-Ru Liu

Let $s(n)=\sum_{d\mid n,~d<n} d$ denote the sum of the proper divisors of $n$. The second-named author proved that $\omega(s(n))$ has normal order $\log\log{n}$, the analogue for $s$-values of a classical result of Hardy and Ramanujan. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Paul Pollack , Lee Troupe

Given $n\in\mathbb{N}$, let $\omega\left(n\right)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of $n$, let $Z$ denote a standard normal variable, and let $P_{n}$ denote the uniform distribution on $\left\{ 1,\ldots,n\right\} $. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Joseph Squillace

Let $x\geqslant 3$. For $1\leqslant n\leqslant x$ an integer, let $\omega(n)$ be its number of distinct prime factors. We show that $\omega(n-1)$ satisfies an Erd\H{o}s-Kac type theorem whenever $\omega(n)=k$ where $1\leqslant k\ll\log\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Élie Goudout

Let $x\geqslant 3$, for $1\leqslant n \leqslant x$ an integer, let $\omega(n)$ be its number of distinct prime factors. We show that, among the values $n\leqslant x$ with $\omega(n)=k$ where $1\leqslant k \ll \log_2 x$, $\omega(n-1)$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Olivier Garçonnet

Let $\omega(n)$ (resp. $\Omega(n)$) denote the number of prime divisors (resp. with multiplicity) of a natural number $n$. In 1917, Hardy and Ramanujan proved that the normal order of $\omega(n)$ is $\log\log n$, and the same is true of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-15 Lee Troupe

Let $k$ and $n$ be natural numbers. Let $\omega_k(n)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of $n$ with multiplicity $k$ as studied by Elma and the third author. We obtain asymptotic estimates for the first and the second moments of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Sourabhashis Das , Wentang Kuo , Yu-Ru Liu

We investigate the number of prime factors of individual entries for matrices in the special linear group over the integers. We show that, when properly normalised, it satisfies a central limit theorem of Erd\H{o}s-Kac-type. To do so, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Daniel El-Baz

We show that for large integers $n$, whose ratios of consecutive divisors are bounded above by an arbitrary constant, the number of prime factors follows an approximate normal distribution, with mean $C \log_2 n$ and variance $V \log_2 n$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-26 Gérald Tenenbaum , Andreas Weingartner

The modular surface, given by the quotient $\mathcal{M} = \Ha/\text{PSL}(2,\Z)$, can be partitioned into a compact subset $\Mm$ and an open neighborhood of the unique cusp in $\mathcal{M}$. We consider scattering geodesics in $\mathcal{M}$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-09 Sudhir Pujahari , Punya Plaban Satpathy

In 1917, G.H.Hardy and S.Ramanujan proved that the `typical' number of prime factors of a positive integer $n$ is approximately $\ln\ln n$. In this technical paper we proffer a complete exposition of this proof, and further provide novel…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-24 Benjamin Durkan

The classical Erd\H{o}s-Kac theorem states that for $n$ chosen uniformly at random from $1, \dots, N$, the random variable $(\omega(n) - \log\log N)/\sqrt{\log\log N}$ converges in distribution to the standard Gaussian as $N$ tends to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Fredy Yip

In this article we show that the Erd\H{o}s-Kac theorem, which informally states that the number of prime divisors of very large integers converges to a normal distribution, has an elegant proof via Algorithmic Information Theory.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Aidan Rocke

The Erd\H{o}s-Kac theorem is a celebrated result in number theory which says that the number of distinct prime factors of a uniformly chosen random integer satisfies a central limit theorem. In this paper, we establish the large deviations…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Behzad Mehrdad , Lingjiong Zhu

In this paper, we study the linear independence between the distribution of the number of prime factors of integers and that of the largest prime factors of integers. Respectively, under a restriction on the largest prime factors of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Biao Wang , Zhining Wei , Pan Yan , Shaoyun Yi

The well-known Hardy--Ramanujan inequality states that if $\omega(n)$ denotes the number of distinct prime factors of a positive integer $n$, then there is an absolute constant $C>0$ such that uniformly for $x\ge2$ and $k\in\mathbb{N}$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Steve Fan
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