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Evaluating joint probabilities of potential outcomes and observed variables, and their linear combinations, is a fundamental challenge in causal inference. This paper addresses the bounding and identification of these probabilities in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Naoya Hashimoto , Yuta Kawakami , Jin Tian

We study quantum dichotomies and the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability using a generalization of Strassen's theorem on preordered semirings. We find that an asymptotic variant of relative submajorization, defined on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Christopher Perry , Péter Vrana , Albert H. Werner

This paper proposes a new semi-parametric identification and estimation approach to multinomial choice models in a panel data setting with individual fixed effects. Our approach is based on cyclic monotonicity, which is a defining feature…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-04-22 Xiaoxia Shi , Matthew Shum , Wei Song

Orthogonal statistical learning and double machine learning have emerged as general frameworks for two-stage statistical prediction in the presence of a nuisance component. We establish non-asymptotic bounds on the excess risk of orthogonal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Lang Liu , Carlos Cinelli , Zaid Harchaoui

Combinatorial mixed valuations associated to translation-invariant valuations on polytopes are introduced. In contrast to the construction of mixed valuations via polarization, combinatorial mixed valuations reflect and often inherit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-22 Katharina Jochemko , Raman Sanyal

With many pretreatment covariates and treatment factors, the classical factorial experiment often fails to balance covariates across multiple factorial effects simultaneously. Therefore, it is intuitive to restrict the randomization of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Xinran Li , Peng Ding , Donald B. Rubin

This work investigates the intersection property of conditional independence. It states that for random variables $A,B,C$ and $X$ we have that $X$ independent of $A$ given $B,C$ and $X$ independent of $B$ given $A,C$ implies $X$ independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-18 Jonas Peters

Controversy about the significance of underdetermination of theories persists in the philosophy and conduct of science. The issue has practical import when research is used to inform decision making, because scientific uncertainty yields…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-09 Charles F. Manski

In this paper, the defining properties of a valid measure of the dependence between two random variables are reviewed and complemented with two original ones, shown to be more fundamental than other usual postulates. While other popular…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-03 Gery Geenens , Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux

Risk measures for multivariate financial positions are studied in a utility-based framework. Under a certain incomplete preference relation, shortfall and divergence risk measures are defined as the optimal values of specific set…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-09-12 Çağın Ararat , Andreas H. Hamel , Birgit Rudloff

We introduce the concept of forward rank-dependent performance processes, extending the original notion to forward criteria that incorporate probability distortions. A fundamental challenge is how to reconcile the time-consistent nature of…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-04-04 Xue Dong He , Moris S. Strub , Thaleia Zariphopoulou

We introduce a new variant of dependence logic called Boolean dependence logic. In Boolean dependence logic dependence atoms are of the type =(x_1,...,x_n,\alpha), where \alpha is a Boolean variable. Intuitively, with Boolean dependence…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-30 Johannes Ebbing , Lauri Hella , Peter Lohmann , Jonni Virtema

Novel significance tests are proposed for the quite general additive concurrent model formulation without the need of model, error structure preliminary estimation or the use of tuning parameters. Making use of the martingale difference…

We characterize information as risk reduction between knowledge states represented by partitions of the underlying probability space. Entropy corresponds to risk reduction from no (or partial) knowledge to full knowledge about a random…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

This paper investigates a recently introduced notion of strong variational sufficiency in optimization problems whose importance has been highly recognized in optimization theory, numerical methods, and applications. We address a general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Boris S. Mordukhovich , Peipei Tang , Chengjing Wang

Set prediction is about learning to predict a collection of unordered variables with unknown interrelations. Training such models with set losses imposes the structure of a metric space over sets. We focus on stochastic and underdefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 David W. Zhang , Gertjan J. Burghouts , Cees G. M. Snoek

Dependence is undoubtedly a central concept in statistics. Though, it proves difficult to locate in the literature a formal definition which goes beyond the self-evident 'dependence = non-independence'. This absence has allowed the term…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Gery Geenens

Distance correlation is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors or matrices of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimensions. Unlike Pearson correlation, the population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Kontemeniotis Nikolaos , Vargiakakis Rafail , Tsagris Michail

This paper investigates asymptotic estimates for the entrance probability of the discounted aggregate claim vector from a multivariate renewal risk model into some rare set. We provide asymptotic results for the entrance probability on both…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Zhangting Chen , Dimitrios G. Konstantinides , Charalampos D. Passalidis

Generally, the normal displacement-based formation control has a sensing mode that requires the agent not only to have certain knowledge of its direction, but also to gather its local information characterized by nonnegative coupling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Zhen Li , Yang Tang , Yongqing Fan , Tingwen Huang