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Global data assimilation enables weather forecasting at all scales and provides valuable data for studying the Earth system. However, the computational demands of physics-based algorithms used in operational systems limits the volume and…
Data assimilation (DA) combines model forecasts and observations to estimate the optimal state of the atmosphere with its uncertainty, providing initial conditions for weather prediction and reanalyses for climate research. Yet, existing…
This paper contains the latest installment of the authors' project on developing ensemble based data assimilation methodology for high dimensional fluid dynamics models. The algorithm presented here is a particle filter that combines model…
This document describes in detail a new hybrid ensemble-variational algorithm that generalizes existing ensemble or variational data assimilation approaches and would enable joint state/parameter estimations in ECMWF's Integrated…
The forecasting skill of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models critically depends on the accurate initial conditions, also known as analysis, provided by data assimilation (DA). Traditional DA methods often face a trade-off between…
The generation of initial conditions via accurate data assimilation is crucial for weather forecasting and climate modeling. We propose DiffDA as a denoising diffusion model capable of assimilating atmospheric variables using predicted…
Satellite-derived measurements are negatively impacted by cloud cover and surface reflectivity. These biases must be discarded and significantly increase the amount of missing data within remote sensing images. This paper expands the…
Data assimilation (DA) integrates observations with model forecasts to produce optimized atmospheric states, whose physical consistency is critical for stable weather forecasting and reliable climate research. Traditional Bayesian DA…
Accurate estimation of thermospheric mass density is a prerequisite for orbit prediction and space situational awareness, where the upper atmosphere responds nonlinearly to solar and geomagnetic forcing across several orders of magnitude.…
Meteorological radar reflectivity data (i.e. radar echo) significantly influences precipitation prediction. It can facilitate accurate and expeditious forecasting of short-term heavy rainfall bypassing the need for complex Numerical Weather…
Soil moisture conditions can influence the evolution of a tropical cyclone (TC) that is partially or completely over land. Hence, better constraining soil moisture initial conditions in a numerical weather prediction model can potentially…
4D-variational data assimilation is applied to the Lorenz '63 model to introduce a new method for parameter estimation in chaotic climate models. The approach aims to optimise an Earth system model (ESM), for which no adjoint exists, by…
Accurate assessment of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) and sulfur dioxide (SO$_2$) is essential for understanding climate-air quality interactions, supporting environmental policy, and protecting public health. Traditional monitoring…
Data assimilation procedures have been developed for thermospheric models using satellite density measurements as part of the EU Framework Package 7 ATMOP Project. Two models were studied; one a general circulation model, TIEGCM, and the…
Accurate reconstruction of 2D and 3D isotope densities is a desired capability with great potential impact in applications such as evaluation and development of next-generation nuclear fuels. Neutron time-of-flight (TOF) resonance imaging…
Analyzing the validity and success of a data assimilation algorithm when some state variable observations are not available is an important problem in meteorology and engineering. We present an improved data assimilation algorithm for…
Characterizing the density of the thermosphere during geomagnetic storms is critical for both thermosphere modelling efforts and satellite operations. Accurate near-real time density estimates can feed into data assimilation schemes and…
Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) are electric thrusters that eject heavy ionized gas particles from the spacecraft to generate thrust. Although traditionally they were used for station keeping, recently They have been used for interplanetary…
We explore the potential of three-dimensional data assimilation for assimilating sparsely-distributed 2-metre temperature observations across the coupled atmosphere-land interface into the soil moisture. Using idealised twin experiments…
Ground-based astronomy has to correct astronomical observations from the impact of the atmospheric transparency and its variability.The current objective of several observatories is to achieve a sub-percent level monitoring of atmospheric…