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Analyzing spatially varying effects is pivotal in geographic analysis. However, accurately capturing and interpreting this variability is challenging due to the increasing complexity and non-linearity of geospatial data. Recent advancements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Lingbo Liu

The problem of explaining the behavior of deep neural networks has recently gained a lot of attention. While several attribution methods have been proposed, most come without strong theoretical foundations, which raises questions about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Marco Ancona , Cengiz Öztireli , Markus Gross

Machine Learning (ML) is gaining popularity for hypothesis-free discovery of risk and protective factors in healthcare studies. ML is strong at discovering nonlinearities and interactions, but this power is compromised by a lack of reliable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-01 Giorgio Spadaccini , Marjolein Fokkema , Mark A. van de Wiel

This study proposes DeltaSHAP, a novel explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithm specifically designed for online patient monitoring systems. In clinical environments, discovering the causes driving patient risk evolution is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Changhun Kim , Yechan Mun , Sangchul Hahn , Eunho Yang

With the rising necessity of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), we see an increase in task-dependent XAI methods on varying abstraction levels. XAI techniques on a global level explain model behavior and on a local level explain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

Cooperative game theory methods, notably Shapley values, have significantly enhanced machine learning (ML) interpretability. However, existing explainable AI (XAI) frameworks mainly attribute average model predictions, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marouane Il Idrissi , Agathe Fernandes Machado , Ewen Gallic , Arthur Charpentier

Understanding why a model makes a certain prediction can be as crucial as the prediction's accuracy in many applications. However, the highest accuracy for large modern datasets is often achieved by complex models that even experts struggle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Scott Lundberg , Su-In Lee

Most methods for explaining black-box classifiers (e.g. on tabular data, images, or time series) rely on measuring the impact that removing/perturbing features has on the model output. This forces the explanation language to match the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Alan Perotti , Paolo Bajardi , Francesco Bonchi , André Panisson

In anomaly detection, the degree of irregularity is often summarized as a real-valued anomaly score. We address the problem of attributing such anomaly scores to input features for interpreting the results of anomaly detection. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara

We investigate the effect of including domain knowledge about a robotic system's causal relations when generating explanations. To this end, we compare two methods from explainable artificial intelligence, the popular KernelSHAP and the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Sindre Benjamin Remman , Inga Strümke , Anastasios M. Lekkas

Shapley value attribution (SVA) is an increasingly popular explainable AI (XAI) method, which quantifies the contribution of each feature to the model's output. However, recent work has shown that most existing methods to implement SVAs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ningsheng Zhao , Jia Yuan Yu , Krzysztof Dzieciolowski , Trang Bui

Explainable AI aims to render model behavior understandable by humans, which can be seen as an intermediate step in extracting causal relations from correlative patterns. Due to the high risk of possible fatal decisions in image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lukas Klein , João B. S. Carvalho , Mennatallah El-Assady , Paolo Penna , Joachim M. Buhmann , Paul F. Jaeger

Feature attributions are a common paradigm for model explanations due to their simplicity in assigning a single numeric score for each input feature to a model. In the actionable recourse setting, wherein the goal of the explanations is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Emanuele Albini , Jason Long , Danial Dervovic , Daniele Magazzeni

Recently, several fast algorithms have been proposed to decompose predicted value into Shapley values, enabling individualized feature contribution analysis in tree models. While such local decomposition offers valuable insights, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-28 Zhongli Jiang , Min Zhang , Dabao Zhang

The proliferation of complex, black-box AI models has intensified the need for techniques that can explain their decisions. Feature attribution methods have become a popular solution for providing post-hoc explanations, yet the field has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Xinpeng Li , Kai Ming Ting

Missing data is a prevalent issue that can significantly impair model performance and explainability. This paper briefly summarizes the development of the field of missing data with respect to Explainable Artificial Intelligence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Tuan L. Vo , Thu Nguyen , Luis M. Lopez-Ramos , Hugo L. Hammer , Michael A. Riegler , Pal Halvorsen

The Shapley value has become popular in the Explainable AI (XAI) literature, thanks, to a large extent, to a solid theoretical foundation, including four "favourable and fair" axioms for attribution in transferable utility games. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Daniel Fryer , Inga Strümke , Hien Nguyen

The explainability of machine learning algorithms is crucial, and numerous methods have emerged recently. Local, post-hoc methods assign an attribution score to each feature, indicating its importance for the prediction. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Giorgio Visani , Vincenzo Stanzione , Damien Garreau

Recent studies have examined the computational complexity of computing Shapley additive explanations (also known as SHAP) across various models and distributions, revealing their tractability or intractability in different settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Reda Marzouk , Shahaf Bassan , Guy Katz , Colin de la Higuera

Feature attribution methods based on game theory are ubiquitous in the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Recent works proposed rigorous feature attribution using logic-based explanations, specifically targeting high-stakes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xuanxiang Huang , Olivier Létoffé , Joao Marques-Silva