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The exponential growth of data-intensive applications has placed unprecedented demands on modern storage systems, necessitating dynamic and efficient optimization strategies. Traditional heuristics employed for storage performance…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Chiyu Cheng , Chang Zhou , Yang Zhao

Multi-tenant LLM serving frameworks widely adopt shared Key-Value caches to enhance efficiency. However, this creates side-channel vulnerabilities enabling prompt leakage attacks. Prior studies identified these attack surfaces yet focused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Longxiang Wang , Xiang Zheng , Xuhao Zhang , Yao Zhang , Ye Wu , Cong Wang

Attacks on machine learning models have been extensively studied through stateless optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate how a reinforcement learning (RL) agent can learn a new class of attack algorithms that generate adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kyle Domico , Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Ryan Sheatsley , Eric Pauley , Josiah Hanna , Patrick McDaniel

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework for optimal decision-making and control but often lacks provable guarantees for safety-critical applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel recovery-based shielding framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Alexander W. Goodall , Francesco Belardinelli

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become an increasingly active area of research in recent years. Although there are many algorithms that allow an agent to solve tasks efficiently, they often ignore the possibility that prior experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Francisco M. Garcia , Chris Nota , Philip S. Thomas

High sample complexity remains a barrier to the application of reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in multi-agent systems. A large body of work has demonstrated that exploration mechanisms based on the principle of optimism under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Robert Loftin , Aadirupa Saha , Sam Devlin , Katja Hofmann

On real-time systems running under timing constraints, scheduling can be performed when one is aware of the worst case execution time (WCET) of tasks. Usually, the WCET of a task is unknown and schedulers make use of safe…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Valentin Touzeau , Claire Maïza , David Monniaux

In the literature of modern network security research, deriving effective and efficient course-of-action (COA) attach search methods are of interests in industry and academia. As the network size grows, the traditional COA attack search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Seok Bin Son , Soohyun Park , Haemin Lee , Joongheon Kim , Soyi Jung , Donghwa Kim

As machine learning models become more capable, they have exhibited increased potential in solving complex tasks. One of the most promising directions uses deep reinforcement learning to train autonomous agents in computer network defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Elizabeth Bates , Vasilios Mavroudis , Chris Hicks

We analyze two open source deep reinforcement learning agents submitted to the CAGE Challenge 2 cyber defense challenge, where each competitor submitted an agent to defend a simulated network against each of several provided rules-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jared Claypoole , Steven Cheung , Ashish Gehani , Vinod Yegneswaran , Ahmad Ridley

Exploration is widely regarded as one of the most challenging aspects of reinforcement learning (RL), with many naive approaches succumbing to exponential sample complexity. To isolate the challenges of exploration, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Chi Jin , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Max Simchowitz , Tiancheng Yu

Continuous action spaces in reinforcement learning (RL) are commonly defined as multidimensional intervals. While intervals usually reflect the action boundaries for tasks well, they can be challenging for learning because the typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Roland Stolz , Hanna Krasowski , Jakob Thumm , Michael Eichelbeck , Philipp Gassert , Matthias Althoff

Cache timing attacks allow attackers to infer the properties of a secret execution by observing cache hits and misses. But how much information can actually leak through such attacks? For a given program, a cache model, and an input, our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Moritz Beck , Ahmed Rezine , Andreas Zeller

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to capture real-world cause-and-effect dynamics, leading to inefficient exploration due to extensive trial-and-error actions. While recent efforts to improve agent exploration have leveraged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Minh Hoang Nguyen , Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves pre-trained models by incorporating external knowledge at test time to enable customized adaptation. We study the risk of datastore leakage in Retrieval-In-Context RAG Language Models (LMs). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhenting Qi , Hanlin Zhang , Eric Xing , Sham Kakade , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a foundation of learning in biological systems and provides a framework to address numerous challenges with real-world artificial intelligence applications. Efficient implementations of RL techniques could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Wilkie Olin-Ammentorp , Yury Sokolov , Maxim Bazhenov

Safety-critical robot systems need thorough testing to expose design flaws and software bugs which could endanger humans. Testing in simulation is becoming increasingly popular, as it can be applied early in the development process and does…

Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning (GCRL) provides a versatile framework for developing unified controllers capable of handling wide ranges of tasks, exploring environments, and adapting behaviors. However, its reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Charly Pecqueux-Guézénec , Stéphane Doncieux , Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert

This paper considers key challenges to using reinforcement learning (RL) with attack graphs to automate penetration testing in real-world applications from a systems perspective. RL approaches to automated penetration testing are actively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Tyler Cody

Accurate simulation techniques are indispensable to efficiently propose new memory or architectural organizations. As implementing new hardware concepts in real systems is often not feasible, cycle-accurate simulators employed together with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Nicolas Bueno , Fernando Castro , Luis Pinuel , Jose Ignacio Gomez-Perez , Francky Catthoor