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Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) offers a practical solution for deploying image segmentation models under domain shift without accessing source data or retraining. Among existing TTA strategies, pseudo-label-based methods have shown promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jianghao Wu , Xiangde Luo , Yubo Zhou , Lianming Wu , Guotai Wang , Shaoting Zhang

Although deep learning-based end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has shown remarkable performance in recent years, it suffers severe performance regression on test samples drawn from different data distributions. Test-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Guan-Ting Lin , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Despite progress in end-to-end ASR, real-world domain mismatches still cause performance drops, which Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate by adjusting models during inference. Recent work explores combining TTA with external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Wei-Ping Huang , Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

This paper presents a simple yet effective approach that improves continual test-time adaptation (TTA) in a memory-efficient manner. TTA may primarily be conducted on edge devices with limited memory, so reducing memory is crucial but has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Junha Song , Jungsoo Lee , In So Kweon , Sungha Choi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model generalizability when test data diverges from training distribution, offering the distinct advantage of not requiring access to training data and processes, especially valuable in the context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot generalization but suffer performance degradation under distribution shifts in downstream tasks, particularly in the absence of labeled data. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Phuoc-Nguyen Bui , Hyunseung Choo , Duc Thanh Nguyen

Deep learning models often struggle under natural distribution shifts, a common challenge in real-world deployments. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting models during inference without labeled source data. We present the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 John Turnbull , Shivam Grover , Amin Jalali , Ali Etemad

Recently, Transformers have been introduced into the field of acoustics recognition. They are pre-trained on large-scale datasets using methods such as supervised learning and semi-supervised learning, demonstrating robust generality--It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yun Liang , Hai Lin , Shaojian Qiu , Yihang Zhang

Deep neural networks often encounter significant performance drops while facing with domain shifts between training (source) and test (target) data. To address this issue, Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods have been proposed to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Yuntao Du , Tao Tan , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Damian Sójka , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński

Test-time domain adaptation aims to adapt a source pre-trained model to a target domain without using any source data. Existing works mainly consider the case where the target domain is static. However, real-world machine perception systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Qin Wang , Olga Fink , Luc Van Gool , Dengxin Dai

Prior to the deployment of robotic systems, pre-training the deep-recognition models on all potential visual cases is infeasible in practice. Hence, test-time adaptation (TTA) allows the model to adapt itself to novel environments and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Junha Song , Kwanyong Park , InKyu Shin , Sanghyun Woo , Chaoning Zhang , In So Kweon

In recent advancements in Test Time Adaptation (TTA), most existing methodologies focus on updating normalization layers to adapt to the test domain. However, the reliance on normalization-based adaptation presents key challenges. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hyeongyu Kim , Geonhui Han , Dosik Hwang

We introduce Ev-TTA, a simple, effective test-time adaptation algorithm for event-based object recognition. While event cameras are proposed to provide measurements of scenes with fast motions or drastic illumination changes, many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Junho Kim , Inwoo Hwang , Young Min Kim

Prompt tuning is a promising method to fine-tune a pre-trained language model without retraining its large-scale parameters. Instead, it attaches a soft prompt to the input text, whereby downstream tasks can be well adapted by merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Pengxiang Lan , Enneng Yang , Yuting Liu , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a viable solution to adapt pre-trained models to domain shifts using unlabeled test data. However, TTA faces challenges of adaptation failures due to its reliance on blind adaptation to unknown test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) via entropy minimization (EM) has proven effective for classification tasks, yet its application to generative autoregressive models remains theoretically fragmented. Existing approaches typically rely on distinct…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Wei-Ping Huang , Chee-En Yu , Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Time-series forecasting is crucial for numerous real-world applications including weather prediction and financial market modeling. While temporal-domain methods remain prevalent, frequency-domain approaches can effectively capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhixuan Li , Naipeng Chen , Seonghwa Choi , Sanghoon Lee , Weisi Lin

Monitoring the growth of subcortical regions of the fetal brain in ultrasound (US) images can help identify the presence of abnormal development. Manually segmenting these regions is a challenging task, but recent work has shown that it can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Joshua Omolegan , Pak Hei Yeung , Madeleine K. Wyburd , Linde Hesse , Monique Haak , Intergrowth-21st Consortium , Ana I. L. Namburete , Nicola K. Dinsdale

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) adjusts models using unlabeled test data to handle dynamic distribution shifts. However, existing methods rely on frequent adaptation and high computational cost, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Hyeongheon Cha , Dong Min Kim , Hye Won Chung , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee