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The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled the generation of text that increasingly exhibits human-like characteristics. As the detection of such content is of significant importance, substantial research has been conducted with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aldan Creo , Shushanta Pudasaini

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of text generation, producing outputs that closely mimic human-like writing. Although academic and industrial institutions have developed detectors to prevent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tianchun Wang , Yuanzhou Chen , Zichuan Liu , Zhanwen Chen , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang , Wei Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the creation of written materials. LLMs have led to questions about writing integrity, thereby driving the creation of artificial intelligence (AI) detection technologies. Adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Hulayyil Alshammari , Praveen Rao

In recent years, there has been a rapid proliferation of AI-generated text, primarily driven by the release of powerful pre-trained language models (PLMs). To address the issue of misuse associated with AI-generated text, various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Tharindu Kumarage , Paras Sheth , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Adversarial purification is a defense mechanism for safeguarding classifiers against adversarial attacks without knowing the type of attacks or training of the classifier. These techniques characterize and eliminate adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Raha Moraffah , Shubh Khandelwal , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the domain of natural language processing (NLP) with remarkable capabilities of generating human-like text responses. However, despite these advancements, several works in the existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Jonas Geiping , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

Real-world natural language processing systems need to be robust to human adversaries. Collecting examples of human adversaries for training is an effective but expensive solution. On the other hand, training on synthetic attacks with small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Aradhana Sinha , Ananth Balashankar , Ahmad Beirami , Thi Avrahami , Jilin Chen , Alex Beutel

The increasing reliance on large language models (LLMs) in academic writing has led to a rise in plagiarism. Existing AI-generated text classifiers have limited accuracy and often produce false positives. We propose a novel approach using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Mujahid Ali Quidwai , Chunhui Li , Parijat Dube

Recent work has demonstrated the vulnerability of modern text classifiers to universal adversarial attacks, which are input-agnostic sequences of words added to text processed by classifiers. Despite being successful, the word sequences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Liwei Song , Xinwei Yu , Hsuan-Tung Peng , Karthik Narasimhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

AI-generated text (AIGT) detection evasion aims to reduce the detection probability of AIGT, helping to identify weaknesses in detectors and enhance their effectiveness and reliability in practical applications. Although existing evasion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yinghan Zhou , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Zhengxian Wu , Ziwei Zhang , Yiming Xue

The growing prominence of large language models, such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to increased concerns over academic integrity due to the potential for machine-generated content and paraphrasing. Although studies have explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Jonas Becker , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

The rapid progress of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies has led to the widespread availability and effectiveness of text generation tools such as ChatGPT and Claude. While highly useful, these technologies also pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chao Zhou , Cheng Qiu , Lizhen Liang , Daniel E. Acuna

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has shown promise in detecting AI-generated content and mitigating misuse, with prior work claiming robustness against paraphrasing and text editing. In this paper, we argue that existing evaluations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hanbo Huang , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xuan Gong , Yihan Li , Lin Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

Most adversarial threats in artificial intelligence (AI) target the computational behavior of models rather than the humans who rely on them. Yet modern AI systems increasingly operate within human decision loops, where users interpret and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shutong Fan , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan

With the advancement in capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), one major step in the responsible and safe use of such LLMs is to be able to detect text generated by these models. While supervised AI-generated text detectors perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Current adversarial attack algorithms, where an adversary changes a text to fool a victim model, have been repeatedly shown to be effective against text classifiers. These attacks, however, generally assume that the victim model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Tom Roth , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Alsharif Abuadbba , Massimo Piccardi

High-quality text generation capability of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) causes concerns about their misuse (e.g., in massive generation/spread of disinformation). Machine-generated text (MGT) detection is important to cope with such…

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable fluency across various tasks. However, their unethical applications, such as disseminating disinformation, have become a growing concern. Although recent works have proposed a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 James Wang , Ran Li , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Pre-trained contextualized language models (PrLMs) have led to strong performance gains in downstream natural language understanding tasks. However, PrLMs can still be easily fooled by adversarial word substitution, which is one of the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Rongzhou Bao , Jiayi Wang , Hai Zhao