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Counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR) can be risky and, in various circumstances, can produce sub-optimal models that hurt performance when deployed. Safe CLTR was introduced to mitigate these risks when using inverse propensity scoring to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shashank Gupta , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Learning to Rank (LTR) methods are vital in online economies, affecting users and item providers. Fairness in LTR models is crucial to allocate exposure proportionally to item relevance. Widely used deterministic LTR models can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ruocheng Guo , Jean-François Ton , Yang Liu , Hang Li

Probabilistic learning to rank (LTR) has been the dominating approach for optimizing the ranking metric, but cannot maximize long-term rewards. Reinforcement learning models have been proposed to maximize user long-term rewards by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Teng Xiao , Suhang Wang

Recommendation models are predominantly trained using implicit user feedback, since explicit feedback is often costly to obtain. However, implicit feedback, such as clicks, does not always reflect users' real preferences. For example, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Mengchen Zhao , Yifan Gao , Yaqing Hou , Xiangyang Li , Pengjie Gu , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang , Yi Cai

The recent development of online recommender systems has a focus on collaborative ranking from implicit feedback, such as user clicks and purchases. Different from explicit ratings, which reflect graded user preferences, the implicit…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Chao Wang , Hengshu Zhu , Chen Zhu , Chuan Qin , Hui Xiong

In this paper, we study the problem of safe online learning to re-rank, where user feedback is used to improve the quality of displayed lists. Learning to rank has traditionally been studied in two settings. In the offline setting, rankers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Chang Li , Branislav Kveton , Tor Lattimore , Ilya Markov , Maarten de Rijke , Csaba Szepesvari , Masrour Zoghi

Recent advancements in AI alignment techniques have significantly improved the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with static human preferences. However, the dynamic nature of human preferences can render some prior training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Han Zhang , Zhuo Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yuanzhao Zhai , Hanyang Peng , Yu Lei , Yue Yu , Hui Wang , Bin Liang , Lin Gui , Ruifeng Xu

Many decision-making problems require ranking individuals by their treatment effects rather than estimating the exact effect magnitudes. Examples include prioritizing patients for preventive care interventions, or ranking customers by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Henri Arno , Dennis Frauen , Emil Javurek , Thomas Demeester , Stefan Feuerriegel

When robots enter everyday human environments, they need to understand their tasks and how they should perform those tasks. To encode these, reward functions, which specify the objective of a robot, are employed. However, designing reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Erdem Bıyık

We consider an online learning to rank setting in which, at each round, an oblivious adversary generates a list of $m$ documents, pertaining to a query, and the learner produces scores to rank the documents. The adversary then generates a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Sougata Chaudhuri , Ambuj Tewari

Online learning to rank is a core problem in information retrieval and machine learning. Many provably efficient algorithms have been recently proposed for this problem in specific click models. The click model is a model of how the user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Masrour Zoghi , Tomas Tunys , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Branislav Kveton , Csaba Szepesvari , Zheng Wen

We present the Learned Ranking Function (LRF), a system that takes short-term user-item behavior predictions as input and outputs a slate of recommendations that directly optimizes for long-term user satisfaction. Most previous work is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Yi Wu , Daryl Chang , Jennifer She , Zhe Zhao , Li Wei , Lukasz Heldt

In most real-world recommender systems, the observed rating data are subject to selection bias, and the data are thus missing-not-at-random. Developing a method to facilitate the learning of a recommender with biased feedback is one of the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Yuta Saito

Reward modeling represents a long-standing challenge in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning language models. Current reward modeling is heavily contingent upon experimental feedback data with high collection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hao Wang , Haocheng Yang , Licheng Pan , Lei Shen , Xiaoxi Li , Yinuo Wang , Zhichao Chen , Yuan Lu , Haoxuan Li , Zhouchen Lin

In real-world scenarios, where knowledge distributions exhibit long-tail. Humans manage to master knowledge uniformly across imbalanced distributions, a feat attributed to their diligent practices of reviewing, summarizing, and correcting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Qihao Zhao , Yalun Dai , Shen Lin , Wei Hu , Fan Zhang , Jun Liu

Ranking algorithms are fundamental to various online platforms across e-commerce sites to content streaming services. Our research addresses the challenge of adaptively ranking items from a candidate pool for heterogeneous users, a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jingyuan Wang , Perry Dong , Ying Jin , Ruohan Zhan , Zhengyuan Zhou

This study investigates the position bias in information retrieval, where models tend to overemphasize content at the beginning of passages while neglecting semantically relevant information that appears later. To analyze the extent and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ziyang Zeng , Dun Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Panxiang Zou , Yudong Zhou , Yuqing Yang

"Position bias" describes the tendency of users to interact with items on top of a list with higher probability than with items at a lower position in the list, regardless of the items' actual relevance. In the domain of recommender…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Andrew Collins , Dominika Tkaczyk , Akiko Aizawa , Joeran Beel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in ranking systems such as information retrieval (IR) systems and recommender systems (RSs). To alleviate the latency of auto-regressive decoding, some studies explore the single (first)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yingpeng Du , Tianjun Wei , Zhu Sun , Jie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) can learn vast amounts of knowledge from diverse domains during pre-training. However, long-tail knowledge from specialized domains is often scarce and underrepresented, rarely appearing in the models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shuyang Yu , Runxue Bao , Parminder Bhatia , Taha Kass-Hout , Jiayu Zhou , Cao Xiao