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Quantum computing is an emerging field on the multidisciplinary interface between physics, engineering, and computer science with the potential to make a large impact on computational intelligence (CI). The aim of this paper is to introduce…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage on near-term devices, yet the physical origins of its efficacy remain poorly understood. In this work, we study QAOA for random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Mingyou Wu , Hanwu Chen

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method cannot be directly used in the problem of hyper-parameter estimation since the mathematical formulation of the mapping from hyper-parameters to loss function or generalization accuracy is unclear.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Li , Yulai Zhang

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic global optimization paradigm that has gained prominence in the last two decades due to its ease of application in unsupervised, complex multidimensional problems which cannot be solved…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Saptarshi Sengupta , Sanchita Basak , Richard Alan Peters

Designing noisy-resilience quantum algorithms is indispensable for practical applications on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum~(NISQ) devices. Here we propose a quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) with a very shallow circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 Fang-Gang Duan , Dan-Bo Zhang

We propose a machine learning based approach to accelerate quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) implementation which is a promising quantum-classical hybrid algorithm to prove the so-called quantum supremacy. In QAOA, a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general-purpose algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems whose performance can only improve with the number of layers $p$. While QAOA holds promise as an algorithm that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Edward Farhi , Jeffrey Goldstone , Sam Gutmann , Leo Zhou

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary near intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Boy Choy , David J. Wales

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While various QAOA parameterization schemes exist, ranging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Evan Camilleri , André Xuereb , Tony J. G. Apollaro , Mirko Consiglio

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm used to approximately solve combinatorial optimisation problems. It involves multiple iterations of a parameterised ansatz comprising a problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 V. Vijendran , Aritra Das , Dax Enshan Koh , Syed M. Assad , Ping Koy Lam

A great deal of research has been conducted in the consideration of meta-heuristic optimisation methods that are able to find global optima in settings that gradient based optimisers have traditionally struggled. Of these, so-called…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Max D. Champneys , Timothy J. Rogers

In the massive multiple-input and multiple-output (Massive MIMO) systems, the maximum likelihood (ML) detection problem is NP-hard and becoming classically intricate with the number of the transmitting antennas and the symbols increasing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Yuxiang Liu , Fanxu Meng , Zetong Li , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an iterative search method that moves a set of candidate solution around a search-space towards the best known global and local solutions with randomized step lengths. PSO frequently accelerates…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Johannes Jakubik , Adrian Binding , Stefan Feuerriegel

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) by Farhi et al. is a quantum computational framework for solving quantum or classical optimization tasks. Here, we explore using QAOA for Binary Linear Least Squares (BLLS); a problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Ajinkya Borle , Vincent E. Elfving , Samuel J. Lomonaco

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) generates an approximate solution to combinatorial optimization problems using a variational ansatz circuit defined by parameterized layers of quantum evolution. In theory, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-24 Rebekah Herrman , Phillip C. Lotshaw , James Ostrowski , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm that offers the potential to handle combinatorial optimization problems. Introducing constraints in such combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Santosh Kumar Radha

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is an algorithm originally proposed to find approximate solutions to Combinatorial Optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the algorithm has also attracted interest for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Pablo Díez-Valle , Diego Porras , Juan José García-Ripoll

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) was originally developed to solve combinatorial optimization problems, but has become a standard for assessing the performance of quantum computers. Fully descriptive benchmarking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a standard method for combinatorial optimization with a gate-based quantum computer. The QAOA consists of a particular ansatz for the quantum circuit architecture, together with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Li Li , Minjie Fan , Marc Coram , Patrick Riley , Stefan Leichenauer

Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors---although far from fault-tolerant---support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to…

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