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The use of Transformer architectures has facilitated remarkable progress in speech enhancement. Training Transformers using substantially long speech utterances is often infeasible as self-attention suffers from quadratic complexity. It is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Qiquan Zhang , Hongxu Zhu , Xinyuan Qian , Eliathamby Ambikairajah , Haizhou Li

Transformers have impressive generalization capabilities on tasks with a fixed context length. However, they fail to generalize to sequences of arbitrary length, even for seemingly simple tasks such as duplicating a string. Moreover, simply…

A major challenge for transformers is generalizing to sequences longer than those observed during training. While previous works have empirically shown that transformers can either succeed or fail at length generalization depending on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xinting Huang , Andy Yang , Satwik Bhattamishra , Yash Sarrof , Andreas Krebs , Hattie Zhou , Preetum Nakkiran , Michael Hahn

Length generalization, defined as the ability to extrapolate from shorter training sequences to longer test ones, is a significant challenge for language models. This issue persists even with large-scale Transformers handling relatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yongchao Zhou , Uri Alon , Xinyun Chen , Xuezhi Wang , Rishabh Agarwal , Denny Zhou

Built upon the Transformer, large language models (LLMs) have captured worldwide attention due to their remarkable abilities. Nevertheless, all Transformer-based models including LLMs suffer from a preset length limit and can hardly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Liang Zhao , Xiachong Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Dongliang Xu , Qing Yang , Hongtao Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Transformer architecture has enabled recent progress in speech enhancement. Since Transformers are position-agostic, positional encoding is the de facto standard component used to enable Transformers to distinguish the order of elements in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Qiquan Zhang , Meng Ge , Hongxu Zhu , Eliathamby Ambikairajah , Qi Song , Zhaoheng Ni , Haizhou Li

Generalizing to longer sentences is important for recent Transformer-based language models. Besides algorithms manipulating explicit position features, the success of Transformers without position encodings (NoPE) provides a new way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jie Wang , Tao Ji , Yuanbin Wu , Hang Yan , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Xiaoling Wang

We explore deep autoregressive Transformer models in language modeling for speech recognition. We focus on two aspects. First, we revisit Transformer model configurations specifically for language modeling. We show that well configured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Kazuki Irie , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Transformers have been the dominant architecture for Speech Translation in recent years, achieving significant improvements in translation quality. Since speech signals are longer than their textual counterparts, and due to the quadratic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Ioannis Tsiamas , Gerard I. Gállego , José A. R. Fonollosa , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Transformer models have advanced the state of the art in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new Transformer architecture, Extended Transformer Construction (ETC), that addresses two key challenges of…

Transformer models are powerful sequence-to-sequence architectures that are capable of directly mapping speech inputs to transcriptions or translations. However, the mechanism for modeling positions in this model was tailored for text…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-21 Ngoc-Quan Pham , Thanh-Le Ha , Tuan-Nam Nguyen , Thai-Son Nguyen , Elizabeth Salesky , Sebastian Stueker , Jan Niehues , Alexander Waibel

Neural encoder-decoder models have been successful in natural language generation tasks. However, real applications of abstractive summarization must consider additional constraint that a generated summary should not exceed a desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Sho Takase , Naoaki Okazaki

Length generalization, the ability to generalize from small training context sizes to larger ones, is a critical challenge in the development of Transformer-based language models. Positional encoding (PE) has been identified as a major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Amirhossein Kazemnejad , Inkit Padhi , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Payel Das , Siva Reddy

The Transformer architecture has demonstrated a superior ability compared to recurrent neural networks in many different natural language processing applications. Therefore, our study applies a modified Transformer in a speech enhancement…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-04 Szu-Wei Fu , Chien-Feng Liao , Tsun-An Hsieh , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Syu-Siang Wang , Cheng Yu , Heng-Cheng Kuo , Ryandhimas E. Zezario , You-Jin Li , Shang-Yi Chuang , Yen-Ju Lu , Yu Tsao

Despite the success of Transformers on language understanding, code generation, and logical reasoning, they still fail to generalize over length on basic arithmetic tasks such as addition and multiplication. A major reason behind this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Mahdi Sabbaghi , George Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Surbhi Goel

Self-attention models such as Transformers, which can capture temporal relationships without being limited by the distance between events, have given competitive speech recognition results. However, we note the range of the learned context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Shucong Zhang , Erfan Loweimi , Peter Bell , Steve Renals

Analyzing long text data such as customer call transcripts is a cost-intensive and tedious task. Machine learning methods, namely Transformers, are leveraged to model agent-customer interactions. Unfortunately, Transformers adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Annamalai Senthilnathan , Kristjan Arumae , Mohammed Khalilia , Zhengzheng Xing , Aaron R. Colak

Autoregressive (AR) Transformer-based sequence models are known to have difficulty generalizing to sequences longer than those seen during training. When applied to text-to-speech (TTS), these models tend to drop or repeat words or produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Eric Battenberg , RJ Skerry-Ryan , Daisy Stanton , Soroosh Mariooryad , Matt Shannon , Julian Salazar , David Kao

Training large language models to predict beyond their training context lengths has drawn much attention in recent years, yet the principles driving such behavior of length generalization remain underexplored. We propose a new theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Noah Golowich , Samy Jelassi , David Brandfonbrener , Sham M. Kakade , Eran Malach

Recent advancements in transformer-based models have greatly improved time series analysis, providing robust solutions for tasks such as forecasting, anomaly detection, and classification. A crucial element of these models is positional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Habib Irani , Vangelis Metsis
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