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Being able to anticipate the motion of surrounding agents is essential for the safe operation of autonomous driving systems in dynamic situations. While various methods have been proposed for trajectory prediction, the current evaluation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Longchao Da , David Isele , Hua Wei , Manish Saroya

Autonomous vehicles rely on accurate trajectory prediction to inform decision-making processes related to navigation and collision avoidance. However, current trajectory prediction models show signs of overfitting, which may lead to unsafe…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jeroen Hagenus , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Julian F. Schumann , Arkady Zgonnikov

Autonomous vehicles with a self-evolving ability are expected to cope with unknown scenarios in the real-world environment. Take advantage of trial and error mechanism, reinforcement learning is able to self evolve by learning the optimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuo Yang , Liwen Wang , Yanjun Huang , Hong Chen

In recent years, diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable potential across diverse domains, from vision generation to language modeling. Transferring its generative capabilities to modern end-to-end autonomous driving systems has also…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xuefeng Jiang , Yuan Ma , Pengxiang Li , Leimeng Xu , Xin Wen , Kun Zhan , Zhongpu Xia , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Sheng Sun

End-to-end multi-modal planning is a promising paradigm in autonomous driving, enabling decision-making with diverse trajectory candidates. A key component is a robust trajectory scorer capable of selecting the optimal trajectory from these…

Safe trajectory planning in complex environments must balance stringent collision avoidance with real-time efficiency, which is a long-standing challenge in robotics. In this work, we present a diffusion-based trajectory planning framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Wule Mao , Zhouheng Li , Yunhao Luo , Yilun Du , Lei Xie

Autonomous driving technology can improve traffic safety and reduce traffic accidents. In addition, it improves traffic flow, reduces congestion, saves energy and increases travel efficiency. In the relatively mature automatic driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Wenjian Sun , Linying Pan , Jingyu Xu , Weixiang Wan , Yong Wang

Generative diffusion models for end-to-end autonomous driving often suffer from mode collapse, tending to generate conservative and homogeneous behaviors. While DiffusionDrive employs predefined anchors representing different driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jialv Zou , Shaoyu Chen , Bencheng Liao , Zhiyu Zheng , Yuehao Song , Lefei Zhang , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

As the potential for autonomous vehicles to be integrated on a large scale into modern traffic systems continues to grow, ensuring safe navigation in dynamic environments is crucial for smooth integration. To guarantee safety and prevent…

Self-driving vehicles rely on sensory input to monitor their surroundings and continuously adapt to the most likely future road course. Predictive trajectory planning is based on snapshots of the (uncertain) road course as a key input.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Benjamin Bogenberger , Johannes Bürger , Vladislav Nenchev

End-to-end autonomous driving has been recently seen rapid development, exerting a profound influence on both industry and academia. However, the existing work places excessive focus on ego-vehicle status as their sole learning objectives…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Rui Yu , Xianghang Zhang , Runkai Zhao , Huaicheng Yan , Meng Wang

End-to-End Autonomous Driving (E2E-AD) systems are typically grouped by the nature of their outputs: (i) waypoint-based models that predict a future trajectory, and (ii) action-based models that directly output throttle, steer and brake.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jorge Daniel Rodríguez-Vidal , Gabriel Villalonga , Diego Porres , Antonio M. López Peña

Trajectory planning is challenging for autonomous cars since they operate in unpredictable environments with limited sensor horizons. To incorporate new information as it is sensed, planning is done in a loop, with the next plan being…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Sean Vaskov , Utkarsh Sharma , Shreyas Kousik , Matthew Johnson-Roberson , Ramanarayan Vasudevan

Predicting the behaviour (i.e., manoeuvre/trajectory) of other road users, including vehicles, is critical for the safe and efficient operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs), a.k.a., automated driving systems (ADSs). Due to the uncertain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Sajjad Mozaffari , Mreza Alipour Sormoli , Konstantinos Koufos , Mehrdad Dianati

In normal on-road situations, autonomous vehicles will be expected to have smooth trajectories with relatively little demand on the vehicle dynamics to ensure passenger comfort and driving safety. However, the occurrence of unexpected…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Florent Altché , Philip Polack , Arnaud de La Fortelle

Recently, the diffusion model has emerged as a powerful generative technique for robotic policy learning, capable of modeling multi-mode action distributions. Leveraging its capability for end-to-end autonomous driving is a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Bencheng Liao , Shaoyu Chen , Haoran Yin , Bo Jiang , Cheng Wang , Sixu Yan , Xinbang Zhang , Xiangyu Li , Ying Zhang , Qian Zhang , Xinggang Wang

Generating overtaking trajectories in autonomous racing is a challenging task, as the trajectory must satisfy the vehicle's dynamics and ensure safety and real-time performance running on resource-constrained hardware. This work proposes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Cheng Hu , Jihao Huang , Wule Mao , Yonghao Fu , Xuemin Chi , Haotong Qin , Nicolas Baumann , Zhitao Liu , Michele Magno , Lei Xie

Autonomous driving technology is progressing rapidly, largely due to complex End To End systems based on deep neural networks. While these systems are effective, their complexity can make it difficult to understand their behavior, raising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Iqra Aslam , Igor Anpilogov , Andreas Rausch

We present an approach for safe trajectory planning, where a strategic task related to autonomous racing is learned sample-efficient within a simulation environment. A high-level policy, represented as a neural network, outputs a reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Rudolf Reiter , Jasper Hoffmann , Joschka Boedecker , Moritz Diehl

Benchmarking autonomous driving planners to align with human judgment remains a critical challenge, as state-of-the-art metrics like the Extended Predictive Driver Model Score (EPDMS) lack context awareness in nuanced scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jingyu Song , Zhenxin Li , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Maying Shen , Joshua Chen , Katherine A. Skinner , Jose M. Alvarez