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Related papers: The Optimization Paradox in Clinical AI Multi-Agen…

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Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly integrated into healthcare and pharmacy workflows, supporting tasks such as medication recommendations, dosage determination, and drug interaction detection. While these systems often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Khalid Adnan Alsayed

Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) overwhelm healthcare systems and demand rapid, accurate patient-hospital allocation decisions under extreme pressure. Here, we developed and validated a deep reinforcement learning-based decision-support AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zhaoxun "Lorenz" Liu , Wagner H. Souza , Jay Han , Amin Madani

AI agents are an exciting new research direction, and agent development is driven by benchmarks. Our analysis of current agent benchmarks and evaluation practices reveals several shortcomings that hinder their usefulness in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sayash Kapoor , Benedikt Stroebl , Zachary S. Siegel , Nitya Nadgir , Arvind Narayanan

Given a user's complex information need, a multi-agent Deep Research system iteratively plans, retrieves, and synthesizes evidence across hundreds of documents to produce a high-quality answer. In one possible architecture, an orchestrator…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Arthur Câmara , Vincent Slot , Jakub Zavrel

Continuous physiological monitoring is central to emergency care, yet deploying trustworthy AI is challenging. While LLMs can translate complex physiological signals into clinical narratives, it is unclear how agentic systems perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Davide Gabrielli , Paola Velardi , Stefano Faralli , Bardh Prenkaj

Multi-agent systems extend large language models (LLMs) by decomposing tasks among specialized agents, but their distributed decision process creates new attack surfaces. We identify semantic hijacking, an attack in which harmful requests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiqi Liu , Thorsten Holz , Shilin Ye , Runhan Song

Artificial intelligence systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), are increasingly being employed in high-stakes decisions that impact both individuals and society at large, often without adequate safeguards to ensure safety,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 N. Zöller , J. Berger , I. Lin , N. Fu , J. Komarneni , G. Barabucci , K. Laskowski , V. Shia , B. Harack , E. A. Chu , V. Trianni , R. H. J. M. Kurvers , S. M. Herzog

We show that, in many settings, the worst-case performance of a distributed optimization algorithm is independent of the number of agents in the system, and can thus be computed in the fundamental case with just two agents. This result…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Sebastien Colla , Julien M. Hendrickx

Developing AI models that are useful in clinical practice, requires efficient collaboration between clinicians and AI developers. This poses a practical challenge: clinicians must repeatedly communicate and refine their requirements with AI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihao Zhao , Frederik Hauke , Juliana De Castilhos , Mathis Bode , Jakob Nikolas Kather , Sven Nebelung , Daniel Truhn

Compound AI systems, comprising multiple interacting components such as LLMs, foundation models, and external tools, have demonstrated remarkable improvements compared to single models in various tasks. To ensure their effective deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xiangwen Wang , Yibo Jacky Zhang , Zhoujie Ding , Katherine Tsai , Haolun Wu , Sanmi Koyejo

Machine learning is rapidly being used in database research to improve the effectiveness of numerous tasks included but not limited to query optimization, workload scheduling, physical design, etc. Currently, the research focus has been on…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Chi Zhang , Olga Papaemmanouil , Josiah P. Hanna , Aditya Akella

Most reported gains on agentic-LLM clinical benchmarks are often attributed to prompt engineering, yet our results suggest that larger improvements can come from architectural and engine-level design. We present MDIA, a Multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Roberto Cruz , David Rey-Blanco

Optimization problems in process engineering, including design and operation, can often pose challenges to many solvers: multi-modal, non-smooth, and discontinuous models often with large computational requirements. In such cases, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-17 Eric S. Fraga , Veerawat Udomvorakulchai , Miguel Pineda , Lazaros G. Papageorgiou

Ensuring artificial intelligence behaves in such a way that is aligned with human values is commonly referred to as the alignment challenge. Prior work has shown that rational agents, behaving in such a way that maximizes a utility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Paulo Garcia

Large language model-based multi-agent systems have shown great abilities across various tasks due to the collaboration of expert agents, each focusing on a specific domain. However, the impact of clumsy or even malicious agents--those who…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jen-tse Huang , Jiaxu Zhou , Tailin Jin , Xuhui Zhou , Zixi Chen , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Michael R. Lyu , Maarten Sap

AI agents execute complex multi-step processes, but current evaluation falls short: outcome metrics report success or failure without explaining why, and process-level approaches struggle to connect failure types to their precise locations…

In multi-agent learning, the predominant approach focuses on generalization, often neglecting the optimization of individual agents. This emphasis on generalization limits the ability of agents to utilize their unique strengths, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Stefan Juang , Hugh Cao , Arielle Zhou , Ruochen Liu , Nevin L. Zhang , Elvis Liu

A leading proposal for aligning artificial superintelligence (ASI) is to use AI agents to automate an increasing fraction of alignment research as capabilities improve. We argue that, even when research agents are not scheming to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Aleksandr Bowkis , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jacob Pfau , Geoffrey Irving

Consider a multi-agent systems setup in which a principal (a supervisor agent) assigns subtasks to specialized agents and aggregates their responses into a single system-level output. A core property of such systems is information…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Paulius Rauba , Simonas Cepenas , Mihaela van der Schaar

AI models are increasingly deployed in live clinical environments where they must perform reliably across complex, high-stakes workflows that standard training and validation datasets were never designed to capture. Evaluating these systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prasanna Desikan , Harshit Rajgarhia , Shivali Dalmia , Ananya Mantravadi