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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine visual and textual understanding, rendering them well-suited for diverse tasks like generating image captions and answering visual questions across various domains. However, these capabilities are built…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Simone Caldarella , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci , Rahaf Aljundi

Text-to-image generative models are becoming increasingly popular and accessible to the general public. As these models see large-scale deployments, it is necessary to deeply investigate their safety and fairness to not disseminate and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Moreno D'Incà , Elia Peruzzo , Massimiliano Mancini , Dejia Xu , Vidit Goel , Xingqian Xu , Zhangyang Wang , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe

The emergence of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) marks significant strides towards achieving general artificial intelligence. However, these advancements are accompanied by concerns about biased outputs, a challenge that has yet to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sibo Wang , Xiangkui Cao , Jie Zhang , Zheng Yuan , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen , Wen Gao

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have been rapidly developed and widely used in various fields, but the (potential) stereotypical bias in the model is largely unexplored. In this study, we present a pioneering measurement framework,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yukun Jiang , Zheng Li , Xinyue Shen , Yugeng Liu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The rapid developments of various machine learning models and their deployments in several applications has led to discussions around the importance of looking beyond the accuracies of these models. Fairness of such models is one such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Biswajit Rout , Ananya B. Sai , Arun Rajkumar

Implicit biases refer to automatic mental processes that shape perceptions, judgments, and behaviors. Previous research on "implicit bias" in LLMs focused primarily on outputs rather than the processes underlying the outputs. We present the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Messi H. J. Lee , Calvin K. Lai

Language carries implicit human biases, functioning both as a reflection and a perpetuation of stereotypes that people carry with them. Recently, ML-based NLP methods such as word embeddings have been shown to learn such language biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Xavier Ferrer-Aran , Tom van Nuenen , Natalia Criado , Jose M. Such

Most works on gender bias focus on intrinsic bias -- removing traces of information about a protected group from the model's internal representation. However, these works are often disconnected from the impact of such debiasing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bar Iluz , Yanai Elazar , Asaf Yehudai , Gabriel Stanovsky

Just like weights, bias terms are the learnable parameters of many popular machine learning models, including neural networks. Biases are thought to enhance the representational power of neural networks, enabling them to solve a variety of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chuqin Geng , Xiaojie Xu , Haolin Ye , Xujie Si

Large Multimodal Language Models (MLLMs) are emerging as one of the foundational tools in an expanding range of applications. Consequently, understanding training-data leakage in these systems is increasingly critical. Log-probability-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ziyi Tong , Feifei Sun , Le Minh Nguyen

The rapid development of AI tools and implementation of LLMs within downstream tasks has been paralleled by a surge in research exploring how the outputs of such AI/LLM systems embed biases, a research topic which was already being…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sourojit Ghosh , Kyra Wilson

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has raised concerns about our ability to ensure their fairness, that is, how to avoid discrimination based on protected characteristics such as gender, race, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Iris Dominguez-Catena , Daniel Paternain , Mikel Galar , MaryBeth Defrance , Maarten Buyl , Tijl De Bie

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in aligning visual and textual modalities, enabling a wide range of applications in multimodal understanding and generation. While they excel in zero-shot and transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Hao Dong , Moru Liu , Jian Liang , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

Recent research suggests that Vision Language Models (VLMs) often rely on inherent biases learned during training when responding to queries about visual properties of images. These biases are exacerbated when VLMs are asked highly specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Saurav Sengupta , Nazanin Moradinasab , Jiebei Liu , Donald E. Brown

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adapted to achieve task-specificity for deployment in real-world decision systems. Several previous works have investigated the bias transfer hypothesis (BTH) by studying the effect of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Natalie Mackraz , Nivedha Sivakumar , Samira Khorshidi , Krishna Patel , Barry-John Theobald , Luca Zappella , Nicholas Apostoloff

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet they often suffer from language bias, producing answers without relying on visual evidence. While prior work attempts to mitigate this issue through decoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Seulbi Lee , Sangheum Hwang

As large language models (LLMs) become an important way of information access, there have been increasing concerns that LLMs may intensify the spread of unethical content, including implicit bias that hurts certain populations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuchen Wen , Keping Bi , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

The web is littered with images, once created for human consumption and now increasingly interpreted by agents using vision-language models (VLMs). These agents make visual decisions at scale, deciding what to click, recommend, or buy. Yet,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Manuel Cherep , Pranav M R , Pattie Maes , Nikhil Singh

In high dimensional settings, density estimation algorithms rely crucially on their inductive bias. Despite recent empirical success, the inductive bias of deep generative models is not well understood. In this paper we propose a framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Shengjia Zhao , Hongyu Ren , Arianna Yuan , Jiaming Song , Noah Goodman , Stefano Ermon

Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daulet Toibazar , Kesen Wang , Sherif Mohamed , Abdulaziz Al-Badawi , Abdulrahman Alfulayt , Pedro J. Moreno