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When large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate tasks and interact with untrusted external data, prompt injection emerges as a significant security threat. By injecting malicious instructions into the data that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yizhu Wang , Sizhe Chen , Raghad Alkhudair , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

Pre-trained Language Models have emerged as promising tools for predicting molecular properties, yet their development is in its early stages, necessitating further research to enhance their efficacy and address challenges such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Eduardo Soares , Akihiro Kishimoto , Emilio Vital Brazil , Seiji Takeda , Hiroshi Kajino , Renato Cerqueira

Fusing LiDAR and image features in a homogeneous BEV domain has become popular for 3D object detection in autonomous driving. However, this paradigm is constrained by the excessive feature compression. While some works explore dense voxel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xuzhong Hu , Zaipeng Duan , Pei An , Jun zhang , Jie Ma

Computational virtual high-throughput screening (VHTS) with density functional theory (DFT) and machine-learning (ML)-acceleration is essential in rapid materials discovery. By necessity, efficient DFT-based workflows are carried out with a…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-06-25 Chenru Duan , Shuxin Chen , Michael G. Taylor , Fang Liu , Heather J. Kulik

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced automation in software engineering tasks, including in Model Driven Engineering (MDE). However, using general-purpose LLMs for domain modeling has its limitations. One approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Vladyslav Bulhakov , Giordano d'Aloisio , Claudio Di Sipio , Antinisca Di Marco , Davide Di Ruscio

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to generate texts that pose risks of misuse, such as plagiarism, planting fake reviews on e-commerce platforms, or creating inflammatory false tweets. Consequently, detecting whether a text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Xiao Yu , Yuang Qi , Kejiang Chen , Guoqiang Chen , Xi Yang , Pengyuan Zhu , Xiuwei Shang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a leading cause of preventable adverse events, often complicating treatment and increasing healthcare costs. At the same time, knowing which drugs do not interact is equally important, as such knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Maryam Abdollahi Shamami , Babak Teimourpour , Farshad Sharifi

Security vulnerabilities are increasingly prevalent in modern software and they are widely consequential to our society. Various approaches to defending against these vulnerabilities have been proposed, among which those leveraging deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yu Nong , Mohammed Aldeen , Long Cheng , Hongxin Hu , Feng Chen , Haipeng Cai

The critical challenge of prompt injection attacks in Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated applications, a growing concern in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Such attacks, which manipulate LLMs through natural language inputs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuchen Suo

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) generation, yet their reliance on Transformer backbones limits inference efficiency due to quadratic attention or KV-cache overhead. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vaibhav Singh , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Pierre-André Noël , Eugene Belilovsky , Torsten Scholak

The widespread adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) in commercial and research settings has intensified the need for robust intellectual property protection. Backdoor-based LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a promising solution for this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hang Fu , Wanli Peng , Yinghan Zhou , Jiaxuan Wu , Juan Wen , Yiming Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) are seeing significant adoption in every type of organization due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, LLMs are found to be vulnerable to various adversarial attacks, particularly prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Md. Ahsan Ayub , Subhabrata Majumdar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by advancing natural language understanding and generation, enabling applications across fields beyond healthcare, software engineering, and conversational systems.…

Vision-language artificial intelligence models (VLMs) possess medical knowledge and can be employed in healthcare in numerous ways, including as image interpreters, virtual scribes, and general decision support systems. However, here, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jan Clusmann , Dyke Ferber , Isabella C. Wiest , Carolin V. Schneider , Titus J. Brinker , Sebastian Foersch , Daniel Truhn , Jakob N. Kather

We present Diffusion Model Patching (DMP), a simple method to boost the performance of pre-trained diffusion models that have already reached convergence, with a negligible increase in parameters. DMP inserts a small, learnable set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Seokil Ham , Sangmin Woo , Jin-Young Kim , Hyojun Go , Byeongjun Park , Changick Kim

Natural scene text detection is a significant challenge in computer vision, with tremendous potential applications in multilingual, diverse, and complex text scenarios. We propose a multilingual text detection model to address the issues of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Tao Wang

Prompt attacks, including jailbreaks and prompt injections, pose a critical security risk to Large Language Model (LLM) systems. In production, guardrails must mitigate these attacks under strict low-latency constraints, resulting in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hieu Xuan Le , Benjamin Goh , Quy Anh Tang

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat by embedding hidden triggers into inputs, causing models to misclassify them into target labels. While extensive research has focused on mitigating these attacks in object recognition models through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Kyle Stein , Andrew Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Accurate prediction of Drug-Target Affinity (DTA) is crucial for reducing experimental costs and accelerating early screening in computational drug discovery. While sequence-based deep learning methods avoid reliance on costly 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Minghui Li , Yuanhang Wang , Peijin Guo , Wei Wan , Shengshan Hu , Shengqing Hu

As powerful pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP gain prominence, numerous studies have attempted to combine VLMs for downstream tasks. Among these, prompt learning has been validated as an effective method for adapting to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Yu Du , Tong Niu , Rong Zhao
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