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Mathematical reasoning, a core aspect of human cognition, is vital across many domains, from educational problem-solving to scientific advancements. As artificial general intelligence (AGI) progresses, integrating large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yibo Yan , Jiamin Su , Jianxiang He , Fangteng Fu , Xu Zheng , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Kun Wang , Shen Wang , Qingsong Wen , Xuming Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential but face challenges in complex financial reasoning tasks requiring both domain knowledge and sophisticated reasoning. Current evaluation benchmarks often fall short by not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shaoyu Dou , Yutian Shen , Mofan Chen , Zixuan Wang , Jiajie Xu , Qi Guo , Kailai Shao , Chao Chen , Haixiang Hu , Haibo Shi , Min Min , Liwen Zhang

Reasoning is central to human intelligence, enabling structured problem-solving across diverse tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their reasoning abilities in arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the core technology of technological revolution and industrial transformation. As one of the new intelligent needs in the AI 2.0 era, financial intelligence has elicited much attention from the academia and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Xiaolin Zheng , Mengying Zhu , Qibing Li , Chaochao Chen , Yanchao Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in financial research workflows, where their role is evolving from single-model assistance for human analysts toward autonomous collaboration among multiple agents. Yet real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yiyun Zhu , Yidong Jiang , Ziwen Xu , Yinsheng Yao , Dawei Cheng , Jinru Ding , Jie Xu

Multimodal retrieval is becoming a crucial component of modern AI applications, yet its evaluation lags behind the demands of more realistic and challenging scenarios. Existing benchmarks primarily probe surface-level semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Zhou , Ze Liu , Lei Xiong , Jin-Ge Yao , Yueze Wang , Shitao Xiao , Fenfen Lin , Miguel Hu Chen , Zhicheng Dou , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian , Yongping Xiong , Zheng Liu

Multimodal reasoning, which integrates language and visual cues into problem solving and decision making, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and a crucial step toward artificial general intelligence. However, the evaluation of…

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to financial analysis, yet their ability to audit structured financial statements under explicit accounting principles remains poorly explored. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Manan Roy Choudhury , Guangwei Zhang , Vivek Gupta , Qingyun Wang , Yanjie Fu , Denghui Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have experienced rapid development in recent years. However, in the financial domain, there is a notable lack of effective and specialized multimodal evaluation datasets. To advance the development…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junyu Luo , Zhizhuo Kou , Liming Yang , Xiao Luo , Jinsheng Huang , Zhiping Xiao , Jingshu Peng , Chengzhong Liu , Jiaming Ji , Xuanzhe Liu , Sirui Han , Ming Zhang , Yike Guo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

The success of artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning models in particular, has led to their widespread adoption across various industries due to their ability to process huge amounts of data and learn complex patterns. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Wei Jie Yeo , Wihan van der Heever , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria , Ranjan Satapathy , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Over the past years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have demonstrated how AI can solve many perception and generation tasks, such as image classification and text writing, yet reasoning remains a challenge. This paper introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Andreas Plesner , Turlan Kuzhagaliyev , Roger Wattenhofer

Financial tasks are pivotal to global economic stability; however, their execution faces challenges including labor intensive processes, low error tolerance, data fragmentation, and tool limitations. Although large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Junzhe Jiang , Chang Yang , Aixin Cui , Sihan Jin , Ruiyu Wang , Bo Li , Xiao Huang , Dongning Sun , Xinrun Wang

This survey paper chronicles the evolution of evaluation in multimodal artificial intelligence (AI), framing it as a progression of increasingly sophisticated "cognitive examinations." We argue that the field is undergoing a paradigm shift,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mayank Ravishankara , Varindra V. Persad Maharaj

More than one hundred benchmarks have been developed to test the commonsense knowledge and commonsense reasoning abilities of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, these benchmarks are often flawed and many aspects of common sense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Ernest Davis

Effectiveness and interpretability are two essential properties for trustworthy AI systems. Most recent studies in visual reasoning are dedicated to improving the accuracy of predicted answers, and less attention is paid to explaining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shi Chen , Qi Zhao

IQ testing has served as a foundational methodology for evaluating human cognitive capabilities, deliberately decoupling assessment from linguistic background, language proficiency, or domain-specific knowledge to isolate core competencies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Huanqia Cai , Yijun Yang , Winston Hu

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

Mathematical reasoning in real-world video settings presents a fundamentally different challenge than in static images or text. It requires interpreting fine-grained visual information, accurately reading handwritten or digital text, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Hanoona Rasheed , Abdelrahman Shaker , Anqi Tang , Muhammad Maaz , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan