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In this paper, we evaluate a synthetic framework to be used in the field of gaze estimation employing deep learning techniques. The lack of sufficient annotated data could be overcome by the utilization of a synthetic evaluation framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Gonzalo Garde , Andoni Larumbe-Bergera , Benoît Bossavit , Rafael Cabeza , Sonia Porta , Arantxa Villanueva

Large and well-annotated datasets are essential for advancing deep learning applications, however often costly or impossible to obtain by a single entity. In many areas, including the medical domain, approaches relying on data sharing have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Francesco Di Salvo , David Tafler , Sebastian Doerrich , Christian Ledig

Face recognition systems have to deal with large variabilities (such as different poses, illuminations, and expressions) that might lead to incorrect matching decisions. These variabilities can be measured in terms of face image quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Philipp Terhörst , Malte Ihlefeld , Marco Huber , Naser Damer , Florian Kirchbuchner , Kiran Raja , Arjan Kuijper

We present a new and accurate approach for gaze estimation on consumer computing devices. We take advantage of continued strides in the quality of user-facing cameras found in e.g., smartphones, laptops, and desktops - 4K or greater in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taejun Kim , Vimal Mollyn , Riku Arakawa , Chris Harrison

Recent studies on appearance based gaze estimation indicate the ability of Neural Networks to decode gaze information from facial images encompassing pose information. In this paper, we propose Gaze-Net: A capsule network capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Bhanuka Mahanama , Yasith Jayawardana , Sampath Jayarathna

The modern surge in camera usage alongside widespread computer vision technology applications poses significant privacy and security concerns. Current artificial intelligence (AI) technologies aid in recognizing relevant events and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jhon Lopez , Carlos Hinojosa , Henry Arguello , Bernard Ghanem

Differential Privacy (DP) is a mathematical framework for releasing information with formal privacy guarantees. While numerous DP procedures have been developed for statistical analysis and machine learning, valid statistical inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Ruyu Zhou , Fang Liu

Gaze redirection methods aim to generate realistic human face images with controllable eye movement. However, recent methods often struggle with 3D consistency, efficiency, or quality, limiting their practical applications. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Hengfei Wang , Zhongqun Zhang , Yihua Cheng , Hyung Jin Chang

World-wide-web, with the website and webpage as the main interface, facilitates the dissemination of important information. Hence it is crucial to optimize them for better user interaction, which is primarily done by analyzing users'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ciheng Zhang , Decky Aspandi , Steffen Staab

Ensuring the usefulness of electronic data sources while providing necessary privacy guarantees is an important unsolved problem. This problem drives the need for an analytical framework that can quantify the safety of personally…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Lalitha Sankar , S. Raj Rajagopalan , H. Vincent Poor

Face swapping combines one face's identity with another face's non-appearance attributes (expression, head pose, lighting) to generate a synthetic face. This technology is rapidly improving, but falls flat when reconstructing some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ethan Wilson , Frederick Shic , Eakta Jain

Eye tracking is routinely being incorporated into virtual reality (VR) systems. Prior research has shown that eye tracking data, if exposed, can be used for re-identification attacks. The state of our knowledge about currently existing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Ethan Wilson , Azim Ibragimov , Michael J. Proulx , Sai Deep Tetali , Kevin Butler , Eakta Jain

Previous studies have illustrated the potential of analysing gaze behaviours in collaborative learning to provide educationally meaningful information for students to reflect on their learning. Over the past decades, machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Junyuan Liang , Qi Zhou , Sahan Bulathwela , Mutlu Cukurova

High-frequency gaze data contains more user-specific information than low-frequency data, promising for various applications. However, existing gaze modelling methods focus on low-frequency data, ignoring user-specific subtle eye movements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Chuhan Jiao , Guanhua Zhang , Yeonjoo Cho , Zhiming Hu , Andreas Bulling

This paper presents a method that utilizes multiple camera views for the gaze target estimation (GTE) task. The approach integrates information from different camera views to improve accuracy and expand applicability, addressing limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Qiaomu Miao , Vivek Raju Golani , Jingyi Xu , Progga Paromita Dutta , Minh Hoai , Dimitris Samaras

Verifying the authenticity of identity documents (IDs) has become a critical challenge for real-life applications such as digital banking, crypto-exchanges, renting, etc. This study focuses on the topic of fake ID detection, covering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Javier Muñoz-Haro , Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez

Remote user verification in Internet-based applications is becoming increasingly important nowadays. A popular scenario for it consists of submitting a picture of the user's Identity Document (ID) to a service platform, authenticating its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Javier Muñoz-Haro , Ruben Tolosana , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Aythami Morales

Appearance-based gaze estimation is believed to work well in real-world settings, but existing datasets have been collected under controlled laboratory conditions and methods have been not evaluated across multiple datasets. In this work we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Mario Fritz , Andreas Bulling

Although recent gaze estimation methods lay great emphasis on attentively extracting gaze-relevant features from facial or eye images, how to define features that include gaze-relevant components has been ambiguous. This obscurity makes the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Isack Lee , Jun-Seok Yun , Hee Hyeon Kim , Youngju Na , Seok Bong Yoo

Categorization of quality characteristics helps in a more effective structuring of the testing process and in the determination of properties, which can be verified in the system under test. In the emerging area of Internet of Things (IoT)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Miroslav Bures , Xavier Bellekens , Karel Frajtak , Bestoun S. Ahmed