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This monograph attempts a theory of every 'thing' that can be distinguished from other things in a statistical sense. The ensuing statistical independencies, mediated by Markov blankets, speak to a recursive composition of ensembles (of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-26 Karl Friston

We summarize the original formulation of the free energy principle, and highlight some technical issues. We discuss how these issues affect related results involving generalised coordinates and, where appropriate, mention consequences for…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-03-02 Martin Biehl , Felix A. Pollock , Ryota Kanai

The free energy principle (FEP) states that any dynamical system can be interpreted as performing Bayesian inference upon its surrounding environment. In this work, we examine in depth the assumptions required to derive the FEP in the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-23 Miguel Aguilera , Beren Millidge , Alexander Tschantz , Christopher L. Buckley

The aim of this paper is to leverage the free-energy principle and its corollary process theory, active inference, to develop a generic, generalizable model of the representational capacities of living creatures; that is, a theory of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-02 Maxwell J. D. Ramstead , Casper Hesp , Alec Tschantz , Ryan Smith , Axel Constant , Karl Friston

In this commentary, we respond to a technical analysis of the Free Energy Principle (hereafter: FEP) presented in "How particular is the physics of the Free Energy Principle" by Aguilera et al. In the target article, the authors analyzed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-13 Conor Heins , Lancelot Da Costa

The free energy principle (FEP), along with the associated constructs of Markov blankets and ontological potentials, have recently been presented as the core components of a generalized modeling method capable of mathematically describing…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-03 Jeff Beck , Maxwell J. D. Ramstead

Biehl et al (2020) present some interesting observations on an early formulation of the free energy principle in (Friston, 2013). We use these observations to scaffold a discussion of the technical arguments that underwrite the free energy…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-01 Karl Friston , Lancelot Da Costa , Thomas Parr

This paper provides a concise description of the free energy principle, starting from a formulation of random dynamical systems in terms of a Langevin equation and ending with a Bayesian mechanics that can be read as a physics of sentience.…

Active inference is a normative framework for explaining behaviour under the free energy principle -- a theory of self-organisation originating in neuroscience. It specifies neuronal dynamics for state-estimation in terms of a descent on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-26 Lancelot Da Costa , Thomas Parr , Biswa Sengupta , Karl Friston

Recent characterisations of self-organising systems depend upon the presence of a Markov blanket: a statistical boundary that mediates the interactions between what is inside of and outside of a system. We leverage this idea to provide an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-05 Ines Hipolito , Maxwell Ramstead , Laura Convertino , Anjali Bhat , Karl Friston , Thomas Parr

Developing feature selection algorithms that move beyond a pure correlational to a more causal analysis of observational data is an important problem in the sciences. Several algorithms attempt to do so by discovering the Markov blanket of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-06 Eric V. Strobl , Shyam Visweswaran

This paper proposes a framework for optimising the adaptation and attunement of a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) with its environments. The tendency towards stability can be explained by minimising free energy but high variability, noise,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-23 Inès Hipolito

Wright and Bourkes compelling article rightly points out that existing models of embryogenesis fail to explain the mechanisms and functional significance of the dynamic connections among neurons. We pursue their account of Dynamic Logic by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-31 Ines Hipolito , Maxwell Ramstead , Axel Constant , Karl Friston

In this PhD thesis, we explore and apply methods inspired by the free energy principle to two important areas in machine learning and neuroscience. The free energy principle is a general mathematical theory of the necessary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Beren Millidge

The living cell uses a variety of molecular receptors to read and process chemical signals that vary in space and time. We model the dynamics of such molecular level measurements as Markov processes in steady state, with a coupling between…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-21 Suman G. Das , Garud Iyengar , Madan Rao

Bayesian theories of biological and brain function speculate that Markov blankets (a conditional independence separating a system from external states) play a key role for facilitating inference-like behaviour in living systems. Although it…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-27 Miguel Aguilera , Ángel Poc-López , Conor Heins , Christopher L. Buckley

Bruineberg and colleagues helpfully distinguish between instrumental and ontological interpretations of Markov blankets, exposing the dangers of using the former to make claims about the latter. However, proposing a sharp distinction…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-19 Anil Seth , Tomasz Korbak , Alexander Tschantz

We seek to clarify the concept of active inference by disentangling it from the Free Energy Principle. We show how the optimizations that need to be carried out in order to implement active inference in discrete state spaces can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Patrick Kenny

The expression of the free energy density of a classical crystalline system as a gradient expansion in terms of a set of order parameters is developed using classical density functional theory. The goal here is to extend and complete an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 James F. Lutsko

In a probabilistic graphical model on a set of variables $V$, the Markov blanket of a random vector $B$ is the minimal set of variables conditioned to which $B$ is independent from the remaining of the variables $V \backslash B$. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-11 Victor Cohen , Axel Parmentier
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