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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are distinguished by their multimodal comprehensive ability and widely used in many real-world applications including GPT-4o, autonomous driving and robotics. Despite their impressive performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zhenyu Ning , Jieru Zhao , Qihao Jin , Wenchao Ding , Minyi Guo

The quadratic complexity of attention remains the central bottleneck in long-context inference for large language models. Prior acceleration methods either sparsify the attention map with structured patterns or permanently evict tokens at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jiwon Song , Jae-Joon Kim

While sparse attention mitigates the computational bottleneck of long-context LLM training, its distributed training process exhibits extreme heterogeneity in both \textit{1)} sequence length and \textit{2)} sparsity sensitivity, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Hongtao Xu , Jianchao Tan , Yuxuan Hu , Pengju Lu , Hongyu Wang , Pingwei Sun , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of capabilities, including mathematical reasoning, code generation, and linguistic behaviors. We show that many capabilities are highly localized to small subsets of attention heads within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Anna Bair , Yixuan Even Xu , Mingjie Sun , J. Zico Kolter

The design of Large Language Models (LLMs) has long been hampered by a fundamental conflict within their core attention mechanism: its remarkable expressivity is built upon a computational complexity of O(H N^2) that grows quadratically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mingkuan Zhao , Wentao Hu , Jiayin Wang , Xin Lai , Tianchen Huang , Yuheng Min , Rui Yan , Xiaoyan Zhu

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown promise in textual understanding, they face significant challenges when handling long context and complex reasoning tasks. In this paper, we dissect the internal mechanisms governing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Rongcan Pei , Huan Li , Fang Guo , Qi Zhu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to support increasingly longer contexts, the memory demand for key-value (KV) caches during decoding grows rapidly, becoming a critical bottleneck in both GPU memory capacity and PCIe bandwidth.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Feiyu Yao , Qian Wang

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

In the field of instruction-following large vision-language models (LVLMs), the efficient deployment of these models faces challenges, notably due to the high memory demands of their key-value (KV) caches. Conventional cache management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhao Dong , Guangyi Chen , Yongming Rao , Ranjay Krishna , Jiwen Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) incur quadratic attention complexity with input length, creating a major time bottleneck in the prefilling stage. Existing acceleration methods largely exploit attention score sparsity by estimating blocks with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyuan He , Yike Zhang , Chengruidong Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Training and serving long-context large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial overhead. To address this, two critical steps are often required: a pretrained LLM typically undergoes a separate stage for context length extension by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Suyu Ge , Xihui Lin , Yunan Zhang , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

Large language models have high compute, latency, and memory requirements. While specialized accelerators such as GPUs and TPUs typically run these workloads, CPUs are more widely available and consume less energy. Accelerating LLMs with…

Large Language Models (LLMs), while demonstrating remarkable capabilities across various applications, present significant challenges during inference due to their substantial model size, especially when deployed on edge devices. Activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhenyu Zhang , Zechun Liu , Yuandong Tian , Harshit Khaitan , Zhangyang Wang , Steven Li

Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) achieves robust speech recognition in noisy environments by combining auditory and visual information. However, recent Large Language Model (LLM) based AVSR systems incur high computational costs due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jeong Hun Yeo , Hyeongseop Rha , Se Jin Park , Yong Man Ro

Long-term memory is a cornerstone of human intelligence. Enabling AI to process lifetime-scale information remains a long-standing pursuit in the field. Due to the constraints of full-attention architectures, the effective context length of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yu Chen , Runkai Chen , Sheng Yi , Xinda Zhao , Xiaohong Li , Jianjin Zhang , Jun Sun , Chuanrui Hu , Yunyun Han , Lidong Bing , Yafeng Deng , Tianqiao Chen

Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental operation in the inference of sparse Large Language Models (LLMs). Because existing SpMV methods perform poorly under the low and unstructured sparsity (30-90%) commonly observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Vladimír Macko , Vladimír Boža

Large audio-language models (LALMs) exhibit strong zero-shot capabilities in multiple downstream tasks, such as audio question answering (AQA) and abstract reasoning; however, these models still lag behind specialized models for certain…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Videet Mehta , Liming Wang , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James R. Glass , M. Jehanzeb Mirza

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) may produce outputs that are unfaithful to reality, also known as visual hallucinations (VH), which significantly impedes their real-world usage. To alleviate VH, various decoding strategies have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Xianwei Zhuang , Zhihong Zhu , Yuxin Xie , Liming Liang , Yuexian Zou

The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie

The inference process for large language models is slow and memory-intensive, with one of the most critical bottlenecks being excessive Key-Value (KV) cache accesses. This paper introduces "Double Sparsity," a novel post-training sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shuo Yang , Ying Sheng , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Lianmin Zheng