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Recently, a new testing approach for response-adaptive clinical trials was proposed based on the allocation probabilities (AP) rather than the outcome data. While original work on the AP test focused on binary and normal endpoints and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Stina Zetterstrom , David S. Robertson , Thomas Jaki , Sofía S. Villar

External controls (ECs) from historical trials or real-world data have gained increasing attention as a way to augment hybrid and single-arm trials, especially when balanced randomization is infeasible. While most existing work has focused…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-15 Yujing Gao , Xiang Zhang , Shu Yang

Motivated by the cost heterogeneity in experimentation across different alternatives, we study the Best Arm Identification with Resource Constraints (BAIwRC) problem. The agent aims to identify the best arm under resource constraints, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zitian Li , Wang Chi Cheung

In oncology, phase II or multiple expansion cohort trials are crucial for clinical development plans. This is because they aid in identifying potent agents with sufficient activity to continue development and confirm the proof of concept.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-24 Takuya Yoshimoto , Satoru Shinoda , Kouji Yamamoto , Kouji Tahata

We focus on the problem of best-arm identification in a stochastic multi-arm bandit with temporally decreasing variances for the arms' rewards. We model arm rewards as Gaussian random variables with fixed means and variances that decrease…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Tamojeet Roychowdhury , Kota Srinivas Reddy , Krishna P Jagannathan , Sharayu Moharir

We consider the best arm identification (BAI) problem in the $K-$armed bandit framework with a modification - the agent is allowed to play a subset of arms at each time slot instead of one arm. Consequently, the agent observes the sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Siddhartha Parupudi , Gourab Ghatak

Clinical trials usually target average treatment effects, but treatment decisions are made for individuals. This tension motivates a common criticism of evidence-based medicine: a treatment that is beneficial on average may be inappropriate…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-29 Zach Shahn , Mats Stensrud

For the model of constrained multi-armed bandit, we show that by construction there exists an index-based deterministic asymptotically optimal algorithm. The optimality is achieved by the convergence of the probability of choosing an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Hyeong Soo Chang

In this paper, by using the Brunovsky normal form, we provide a reformulation of the problem consisting in finding the actuator design which minimizes the controllability cost for finite-dimensional linear systems with scalar controls. Such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-13 Borjan Geshkovski , Enrique Zuazua

In recent years, real-world external controls have grown in popularity as a tool to empower randomized placebo-controlled trials, particularly in rare diseases or cases where balanced randomization is unethical or impractical. However, as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Chenyin Gao , Shu Yang , Mingyang Shan , Wenyu Ye , Ilya Lipkovich , Douglas Faries

This study investigates minimax and Bayes optimal strategies for fixed-budget best-arm identification. We consider an adaptive procedure consisting of a sampling phase followed by a recommendation phase, and we design an adaptive experiment…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-05 Masahiro Kato

There exist multiple regression applications in engineering, industry and medicine where the outcomes follow an adaptive experimental design in which the next measurement depends on the previous observations, so that the observations are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-21 Dennis Christensen , Emil Aas Stoltenberg , Nils Lid Hjort

High-performance closed-loop control of truly soft continuum manipulators has remained elusive. Experimental demonstrations have largely relied on sufficiently stiff, piecewise architectures in which each actuated segment behaves as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Vito Daniele Perfetta , Daniel Feliu-Talegon , Ebrahim Shahabi , Cosimo Della Santina

Adaptive experiments are becoming increasingly popular in real-world applications for effectively maximizing in-sample welfare and efficiency by data-driven sampling. Despite their growing prevalence, however, the statistical foundations…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Ziang Niu , Zhimei Ren

Active learning methods have shown great promise in reducing the number of samples necessary for learning. As automated learning systems are adopted into real-time, real-world decision-making pipelines, it is increasingly important that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Romain Camilleri , Andrew Wagenmaker , Jamie Morgenstern , Lalit Jain , Kevin Jamieson

Adaptive designs are commonly used in clinical and drug development studies for optimum utilization of available resources. In this article, we consider the problem of estimating the effect of the selected (better) treatment using a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-24 Masihuddin , Neeraj Misra

We consider the classic problem of $(\epsilon,\delta)$-PAC learning a best arm where the goal is to identify with confidence $1-\delta$ an arm whose mean is an $\epsilon$-approximation to that of the highest mean arm in a multi-armed bandit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Avinatan Hassidim , Ron Kupfer , Yaron Singer

We consider the problem of how to assign treatment in a randomized experiment, in which the correlation among the outcomes is informed by a network available pre-intervention. Working within the potential outcome causal framework, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-19 Guillaume W. Basse , Edoardo M. Airoldi

We consider the problem of best arm identification in a variant of multi-armed bandits called linked bandits. In a single interaction with linked bandits, multiple arms are played sequentially until one of them receives a positive reward.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Anant Gupta

This work formulates model selection as an infinite-armed bandit problem, namely, a problem in which a decision maker iteratively selects one of an infinite number of fixed choices (i.e., arms) when the properties of each choice are only…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Margaux Brégère , Julie Keisler