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Related papers: Transient dynamics of associative memory models

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We identify and formalize a fundamental gradient descent phenomenon resulting in a learning proclivity in over-parameterized neural networks. Gradient Starvation arises when cross-entropy loss is minimized by capturing only a subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Mohammad Pezeshki , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Yoshua Bengio , Aaron Courville , Doina Precup , Guillaume Lajoie

Despite the striking successes of deep neural networks trained with gradient-based optimization, these methods differ fundamentally from their biological counterparts. This gap raises key questions about how nature achieves robust,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Mattia Scardecchia

Energy-based probabilistic models learned by maximizing the likelihood of the data are limited by the intractability of the partition function. A widely used workaround is to maximize the pseudo-likelihood, which replaces the global…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Francesco D'Amico , Dario Bocchi , Luca Maria Del Bono , Saverio Rossi , Matteo Negri

Quantum neural networks form one pillar of the emergent field of quantum machine learning. Here, quantum generalisations of classical networks realizing associative memories - capable of retrieving patterns, or memories, from corrupted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Lukas Bödeker , Eliana Fiorelli , Markus Müller

Many real-world networks are directed, sparse and hierarchical, with a mixture of feed-forward and feedback connections with respect to the hierarchy. Moreover, a small number of 'master' nodes are often able to drive the whole system. We…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-06-22 Niall Rodgers , Peter Tino , Samuel Johnson

We test four fast mean field type algorithms on Hopfield networks as an inverse Ising problem. The equilibrium behavior of Hopfield networks is simulated through Glauber dynamics. In the low temperature regime, the simulated annealing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-05-29 Haiping Huang

Real systems are usually composed by units or nodes whose activity can be interrupted and restored intermittently due to complex interactions not only with the environment, but also with the same system. Majdand\v{z}i\'c $et\;al.$ [Nature…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-20 L. D. Valdez , M. A. Di Muro , L. A. Braunstein

We characterize the pre-softmax attention matrix $\mathbf{QK^\top}$ in transformers as an associative memory matrix encoding pairwise associations between input features. By decomposing this matrix into its symmetric and skew-symmetric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hyunmin Cho , Woo Kyoung Han , Kyong Hwan Jin

The standard Hopfield model for associative neural networks accounts for biological Hebbian learning and acts as the harmonic oscillator for pattern recognition, however its maximal storage capacity is $\alpha \sim 0.14$, far from the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Alberto Fachechi , Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra

We show that the dynamics of simple disordered models, like the directed Trap Model and the Random Energy Model, takes place at a coexistence point between active and inactive dynamical phases. We relate the presence of a dynamic phase…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-09-03 Kristina Van Duijvendijk , Grégory Schehr , Frédéric Van Wijland

Artificial Neural Networks has struggled to devise a way to incorporate working memory into neural networks. While the ``long term'' memory can be seen as the learned weights, the working memory consists likely more of dynamical activity,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Matthew Evanusa , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

We consider statistical-mechanical models for spin systems built on hierarchical structures, which provide a simple example of non-mean-field framework. We show that the coupling decay with spin distance can give rise to peculiar features…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-02-02 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Andrea Galluzzi , Francesco Guerra , Daniele Tantari , Flavia Tavani

Recent research has established a connection between modern Hopfield networks (HNs) and transformer attention heads, with guarantees of exponential storage capacity. However, these models still face challenges scaling storage efficiently.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Saul Santos , António Farinhas , Daniel C. McNamee , André F. T. Martins

This paper is a step towards a systematic theory of the transitivity (clustering) phenomenon in random networks. A static framework is used, with adjacency matrix playing the role of the dynamical variable. Hence, our model is a matrix…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Z. Burda , J. Jurkiewicz , A. Krzywicki

Studies of the dynamics of nonlinear recurrent neural networks often assume independent and identically distributed couplings, but large-scale connectomics data indicate that biological neural circuits exhibit markedly different…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-28 David G. Clark , Owen Marschall , Alexander van Meegen , Ashok Litwin-Kumar

In networked systems, the interplay between the dynamics of individual subsystems and their network interactions has been found to generate multistability in various contexts. Despite its ubiquity, the specific mechanisms and ingredients…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Kalel L. Rossi , Everton S. Medeiros , Peter Ashwin , Ulrike Feudel

We introduce a Hopfield-type associative memory in which effective connectivity is multiplicatively modulated by astrocytic gains evolving under an entropy-regularized replicator equation. The coupled neuron-astrocyte dynamics admit a…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2026-04-29 Arnau Vivet , Alex Arenas

Developing accurate and computationally inexpensive models for the dynamics of open-quantum systems is critical in designing new qubit platforms by first understanding their mechanisms of decoherence and dephasing. Current models based on…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-09-30 Nima Leclerc

Despite the significance of short-term memory in cognitive function, the process of encoding and sustaining the input information in neural activity dynamics remains elusive. Herein, we unveiled the significance of transient neural dynamics…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-01 Kohei Ichikawa , Kunihiko Kaneko

We consider a class of open quantum many-body systems that evolves in a Markovian fashion, the dynamical generator being in GKS-Lindblad form. Here, the Hamiltonian contribution is characterized by an all-to-all coupling, and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-02 Eliana Fiorelli