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Emerging of visual language models, such as the segment anything model (SAM), have made great breakthroughs in the field of universal semantic segmentation and significantly aid the improvements of medical image segmentation, in particular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Meng Wang , Yarong Feng , Yongwei Tang , Tian Zhang , Yuxin Liang , Chao Lv

Image-to-image translation has emerged as a powerful technique in medical imaging, enabling tasks such as image denoising and cross-modality conversion. However, it suffers from limitations in handling out-of-distribution samples without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Irene Iele , Francesco Di Feola , Valerio Guarrasi , Paolo Soda

Despite that the segment anything model (SAM) achieved impressive results on general-purpose semantic segmentation with strong generalization ability on daily images, its demonstrated performance on medical image segmentation is less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Shizhan Gong , Yuan Zhong , Wenao Ma , Jinpeng Li , Zhao Wang , Jingyang Zhang , Pheng-Ann Heng , Qi Dou

Medical image segmentation has been traditionally approached by training or fine-tuning the entire model to cater to any new modality or dataset. However, this approach often requires tuning a large number of parameters during training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jay N. Paranjape , Shameema Sikder , S. Swaroop Vedula , Vishal M. Patel

Vision foundation models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM), pretrained on large-scale natural image datasets, often struggle in medical image segmentation due to a lack of domain-specific adaptation. In clinical practice, fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zelin Liu , Sicheng Dong , Bocheng Li , Yixuan Yang , Jiacheng Ruan , Chenxu Zhou , Suncheng Xiang

The success of large language models has inspired the computer vision community to explore image segmentation foundation model that is able to zero/few-shot generalize through prompt engineering. Segment-Anything(SAM), among others, is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Haojie Zhang , Yongyi Su , Xun Xu , Kui Jia

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has gained significant attention in the field of image segmentation due to its impressive capabilities and prompt-based interface. While SAM has already been extensively evaluated in various domains, its…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 Botond Fazekas , José Morano , Dmitrii Lachinov , Guilherme Aresta , Hrvoje Bogunović

The recent Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated remarkable zero-shot capability and flexible geometric prompting in general image segmentation. However, SAM often struggles when handling various unconventional images, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Aoran Xiao , Weihao Xuan , Heli Qi , Yun Xing , Ruijie Ren , Xiaoqin Zhang , Ling Shao , Shijian Lu

Deploying foundational medical Segment Anything Models (SAMs) via test-time adaptation (TTA) is challenging under large distribution shifts, where test-time supervision is often unreliable. While active test-time adaptation (ATTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiayi Chen , Yasmeen George , Winston Chong , Jianfei Cai

Increasingly advanced data augmentation techniques have greatly aided clinical medical research, increasing data diversity and improving model generalization capabilities. Although most current basic models exhibit strong generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yihong Yao , Chunlei Li , Canxuan Gang , Wenzhi Hu , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Zhang , Xiaoyan Li

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has garnered significant attention for its versatile segmentation abilities and intuitive prompt-based interface. However, its application in medical imaging presents challenges, requiring either substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Zhiheng Cheng , Qingyue Wei , Hongru Zhu , Yan Wang , Liangqiong Qu , Wei Shao , Yuyin Zhou

Segment Anything (SAM) has recently pushed the boundaries of segmentation by demonstrating zero-shot generalization and flexible prompting after training on over one billion masks. Despite this, its mask prediction accuracy often falls…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zezhong Fan , Xiaohan Li , Topojoy Biswas , Kaushiki Nag , Kannan Achan

Following the successful paradigm shift of large language models, leveraging pre-training on a massive corpus of data and fine-tuning on different downstream tasks, generalist models have made their foray into computer vision. The…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Andrea Moglia , Matteo Leccardi , Matteo Cavicchioli , Alice Maccarini , Marco Marcon , Luca Mainardi , Pietro Cerveri

Collective intelligence from multiple medical experts consistently surpasses individual expertise in clinical diagnosis, particularly for ambiguous medical image segmentation tasks involving unclear tissue boundaries or pathological…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Mingzhou Jiang , Jiaying Zhou , Junde Wu , Tianyang Wang , Yueming Jin , Min Xu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has drawn significant attention from researchers who work on medical image segmentation because of its generalizability. However, researchers have found that SAM may have limited performance on medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yihao Liu , Jiaming Zhang , Andres Diaz-Pinto , Haowei Li , Alejandro Martin-Gomez , Amir Kheradmand , Mehran Armand

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is the first foundation model for general image segmentation. It has achieved impressive results on various natural image segmentation tasks. However, medical image segmentation (MIS) is more challenging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-18 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Lian Liu , Han Zhou , Ao Chang , Xinrui Zhou , Rusi Chen , Junxuan Yu , Jiongquan Chen , Chaoyu Chen , Sijing Liu , Haozhe Chi , Xindi Hu , Kejuan Yue , Lei Li , Vicente Grau , Deng-Ping Fan , Fajin Dong , Dong Ni

With the emergence of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) as a foundational model for image segmentation, its application has been extensively studied across various domains, including the medical field. However, its potential in the context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 SeungKyu Kim , Hyun-Jic Oh , Seonghui Min , Won-Ki Jeong

Segment anything model (SAM) demonstrates strong generalization ability on natural image segmentation. However, its direct adaptation in medical image segmentation tasks shows significant performance drops. It also requires an excessive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Heng Guo , Jianfeng Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Tony C. W. Mok , Dazhou Guo , Ke Yan , Le Lu , Dakai Jin , Minfeng Xu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM), originally built on a 2D Vision Transformer (ViT), excels at capturing global patterns in 2D natural images but struggles with 3D medical imaging modalities like CT and MRI. These modalities require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiang Gao , Kai Lu

Medical image segmentation plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnostics and treatment planning, yet existing models often face challenges in generalization and in handling both 2D and 3D data uniformly. In this paper, we introduce Medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Jiayuan Zhu , Abdullah Hamdi , Yunli Qi , Yueming Jin , Junde Wu