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PDF documents have the potential to provide trillions of novel, high-quality tokens for training language models. However, these documents come in a diversity of types with differing formats and visual layouts that pose a challenge when…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in document image tasks, especially Optical Character Recognition (OCR). However, they struggle with Document Image Machine Translation (DIMT), which requires handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yupu Liang , Yaping Zhang , Zhiyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Yang Zhao , Lu Xiang , Chengqing Zong , Yu Zhou

A crucial component for the scene text based reasoning required for TextVQA and TextCaps datasets involve detecting and recognizing text present in the images using an optical character recognition (OCR) system. The current systems are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amanpreet Singh , Guan Pang , Mandy Toh , Jing Huang , Wojciech Galuba , Tal Hassner

Relational understanding is critical for a number of visually-rich documents (VRDs) understanding tasks. Through multi-modal pre-training, recent studies provide comprehensive contextual representations and exploit them as prior knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Xin Li , Yan Zheng , Yiqing Hu , Haoyu Cao , Yunfei Wu , Deqiang Jiang , Yinsong Liu , Bo Ren

We tackle Multi-party Dialogue Reading Comprehension (abbr., MDRC). MDRC stands for an extractive reading comprehension task grounded on a batch of dialogues among multiple interlocutors. It is challenging due to the requirement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yanling Li , Bowei Zou , Yifan Fan , Mengxing Dong , Yu Hong

We present DeepSeek-OCR as an initial investigation into the feasibility of compressing long contexts via optical 2D mapping. DeepSeek-OCR consists of two components: DeepEncoder and DeepSeek3B-MoE-A570M as the decoder. Specifically,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Haoran Wei , Yaofeng Sun , Yukun Li

We introduce Multilingual Document Parsing Benchmark, the first benchmark for multilingual digital and photographed document parsing. Document parsing has made remarkable strides, yet almost exclusively on clean, digital, well-formatted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhang Li , Zhibo Lin , Qiang Liu , Ziyang Zhang , Shuo Zhang , Zidun Guo , Jiajun Song , Jiarui Zhang , Xiang Bai , Yuliang Liu

Given the ubiquity of handwritten documents in human transactions, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of documents have invaluable practical worth. Optical character recognition is a science that enables to translate various types of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Jamshed Memon , Maira Sami , Rizwan Ahmed Khan

Unified Structured Knowledge Reasoning (USKR) aims to answer natural language questions (NLQs) by using structured sources such as tables, databases, and knowledge graphs in a unified way. Existing USKR methods either rely on employing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yongrui Chen , Junhao He , Linbo Fu , Shenyu Zhang , Rihui Jin , Xinbang Dai , Jiaqi Li , Dehai Min , Nan Hu , Yuxin Zhang , Guilin Qi , Yi Huang , Tongtong Wu

This paper presents our methodology and findings from three tasks across Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Document Layout Analysis using advanced deep learning techniques. First, for the historical Hebrew fragments of the Dead Sea…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hylke Westerdijk , Ben Blankenborg , Khondoker Ittehadul Islam

Background: Modern Code Review (MCR) is a key component for delivering high-quality software and sharing knowledge among developers. Effective reviews require an in-depth understanding of the code and demand from the reviewers to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Deepika Badampudi , Ricardo Britto , Nauman bin Ali

While OCR has been used in various applications, its output is not always accurate, leading to misfit words. This research work focuses on improving the optical character recognition (OCR) with ML techniques with integration of OCR with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Abhishek Bamotra , Phani Krishna Uppala

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have recently shown strong performance on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tasks, demonstrating their promising capability in document literacy. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhipeng Xu , Junhao Ji , Zulong Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Qing Liu , Chunyi Peng , Zubao Qin , Ze Xu , Jianqiang Wan , Jun Tang , Zhibo Yang , Shuai Bai , Dayiheng Liu

Continual Structured Knowledge Reasoning (CSKR) focuses on training models to handle sequential tasks, where each task involves translating natural language questions into structured queries grounded in structured knowledge. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yongrui Chen , Yi Huang , Yunchang Liu , Shenyu Zhang , Junhao He , Tongtong Wu , Guilin Qi , Tianxing Wu

In recent years, general visual foundation models (VFMs) have witnessed increasing adoption, particularly as image encoders for popular multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). However, without semantically fine-grained supervision, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tongkun Guan , Zining Wang , Pei Fu , Zhengtao Guo , Wei Shen , Kai Zhou , Tiezhu Yue , Chen Duan , Hao Sun , Qianyi Jiang , Junfeng Luo , Xiaokang Yang

In this report, we propose PaddleOCR-VL, a SOTA and resource-efficient model tailored for document parsing. Its core component is PaddleOCR-VL-0.9B, a compact yet powerful vision-language model (VLM) that integrates a NaViT-style dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Cheng Cui , Ting Sun , Suyin Liang , Tingquan Gao , Zelun Zhang , Jiaxuan Liu , Xueqing Wang , Changda Zhou , Hongen Liu , Manhui Lin , Yue Zhang , Yubo Zhang , Handong Zheng , Jing Zhang , Jun Zhang , Yi Liu , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma

GLM-OCR is an efficient 0.9B-parameter compact multimodal model designed for real-world document understanding. It combines a 0.4B-parameter CogViT visual encoder with a 0.5B-parameter GLM language decoder, achieving a strong balance…

Multimodal document retrieval aims to identify and retrieve various forms of multimodal content, such as figures, tables, charts, and layout information from extensive documents. Despite its increasing popularity, there is a notable lack of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Xin Deik Goh , Dexun Li , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Document-level Relation Triplet Extraction (DocRTE) is a fundamental task in information systems that aims to simultaneously extract entities with semantic relations from a document. Existing methods heavily rely on a substantial amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Qi Sun , Kun Huang , Xiaocui Yang , Rong Tong , Kun Zhang , Soujanya Poria

Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) aims at recognizing the predicate-argument structure of a sentence and can be decomposed into two subtasks: predicate disambiguation and argument labeling. Prior work deals with these two tasks independently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Nan Wang , Jiwei Li , Yuxian Meng , Xiaofei Sun , Han Qiu , Ziyao Wang , Guoyin Wang , Jun He