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Emojis have become ubiquitous in online communication, serving as a universal medium to convey emotions and decorative elements. Their widespread use transcends language and cultural barriers, enhancing understanding and fostering more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rafid Ishrak Jahan , Heng Fan , Haihua Chen , Yunhe Feng

Emoticons are widely used in digital communication to convey affective intent, yet their safety implications for Large Language Models (LLMs) remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we identify emoticon semantic confusion, a vulnerability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Weipeng Jiang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Chao Shen , Yang Liu

Large Language Models are rapidly emerging as web-native interfaces to social platforms. On the social web, users frequently have ambiguous and dynamic goals, making complex intent understanding-rather than single-turn execution-the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zenghua Liao , Jinzhi Liao , Xiang Zhao

Most NLP and Computer Vision tasks are limited to scarcity of labelled data. In social media emotion classification and other related tasks, hashtags have been used as indicators to label data. With the rapid increase in emoji usage of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Anurag Illendula , Amit Sheth

Suicidal ideation detection is crucial for preventing suicides, a leading cause of death worldwide. Many individuals express suicidal thoughts on social media, offering a vital opportunity for early detection through advanced machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mohaiminul Islam Bhuiyan , Nur Shazwani Kamarudin , Nur Hafieza Ismail

The rapid expansion of memes on social media has highlighted the urgent need for effective approaches to detect harmful content. However, traditional data-driven approaches struggle to detect new memes due to their evolving nature and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ziyan Liu , Chunxiao Fan , Haoran Lou , Yuexin Wu , Kaiwei Deng

In the digital world, memes present a unique challenge for content moderation due to their potential to spread harmful content. Although detection methods have improved, proactive solutions such as intervention are still limited, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Prince Jha , Raghav Jain , Konika Mandal , Aman Chadha , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

The proliferation of memes on social media necessitates the capabilities of multimodal Large Language Models (mLLMs) to effectively understand multimodal harmfulness. Existing evaluation approaches predominantly focus on mLLMs' detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zixin Chen , Hongzhan Lin , Kaixin Li , Ziyang Luo , Yayue Deng , Jing Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language generation and general task performance. However, their application to spoken language understanding (SLU) remains challenging, particularly for token-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shangjian Yin , Peijie Huang , Jiatian Chen , Haojing Huang , Yuhong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in a zero-shot fashion to assess mental health conditions, yet we have limited knowledge on what factors affect their accuracy. In this study, we utilize a clinical dataset of natural…

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are increasingly used for tasks where detecting multimodal harmful content is crucial, such as online content moderation. However, real-world harmful content is often camouflaged, relying on nuanced…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yanhui Li , Qi Zhou , Zhihong Xu , Huizhong Guo , Wenhai Wang , Dongxia Wang

Mental health conditions affect hundreds of millions globally, yet early detection remains limited. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in mental health applications, their size and computational demands hinder practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Tianyi Zhang , Xiangyuan Xue , Lingyan Ruan , Shiya Fu , Feng Xia , Simon D'Alfonso , Vassilis Kostakos , Ting Dang , Hong Jia

With the widespread availability of LLMs since the release of ChatGPT and increased public scrutiny, commercial model development appears to have focused their efforts on 'safety' training concerning legal liabilities at the expense of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Alina Leidinger , Richard Rogers

WARNING: This paper contains examples of offensive materials. To address the proliferation of toxic content on social media, we introduce SMARTER, we introduce SMARTER, a data-efficient two-stage framework for explainable content moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huy Nghiem , Advik Sachdeva , Hal Daumé

The age of social media is flooded with Internet memes, necessitating a clear grasp and effective identification of harmful ones. This task presents a significant challenge due to the implicit meaning embedded in memes, which is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Wei Gao , Jing Ma , Bo Wang , Ruichao Yang

Detecting harmful memes is crucial for safeguarding the integrity and harmony of online environments, yet existing detection methods are often resource-intensive, inflexible, and lacking explainability, limiting their applicability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Fengjun Pan , Xiaobao Wu , Tho Quan , Anh Tuan Luu

The social NLP research community witness a recent surge in the computational advancements of mental health analysis to build responsible AI models for a complex interplay between language use and self-perception. Such responsible AI models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Muskan Garg , MSVPJ Sathvik , Amrit Chadha , Shaina Raza , Sunghwan Sohn

Toxicity identification in online multimodal environments remains a challenging task due to the complexity of contextual connections across modalities (e.g., textual and visual). In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Rahul Garg , Trilok Padhi , Hemang Jain , Ugur Kursuncu , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Hateful meme detection presents a significant challenge as a multimodal task due to the complexity of interpreting implicit hate messages and contextual cues within memes. Previous approaches have fine-tuned pre-trained vision-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ming Shan Hee , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

In the field of crisis/disaster informatics, social media is increasingly being used for improving situational awareness to inform response and relief efforts. Efficient and accurate text classification tools have been a focal area of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kai Yin , Bo Li , Chengkai Liu , Ali Mostafavi , Xia Hu