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Evaluating time series attribution methods is difficult because real-world datasets rarely provide ground truth for which time points drive a prediction. A common workaround is to generate synthetic data where class-discriminating features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Gregor Baer

We introduce Generalized Integrated Gradients (GIG), a formal extension of the Integrated Gradients (IG) (Sundararajan et al., 2017) method for attributing credit to the input variables of a predictive model. GIG improves IG by explaining a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 John Merrill , Geoff Ward , Sean Kamkar , Jay Budzik , Douglas Merrill

Semi-supervised video action recognition tends to enable deep neural networks to achieve remarkable performance even with very limited labeled data. However, existing methods are mainly transferred from current image-based methods (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Junfei Xiao , Longlong Jing , Lin Zhang , Ju He , Qi She , Zongwei Zhou , Alan Yuille , Yingwei Li

We frequently encounter multiple series that are temporally correlated in our surroundings, such as EEG data to examine alterations in brain activity or sensors to monitor body movements. Segmentation of multivariate time series data is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Shima Imani , Harsh Shrivastava

We propose a novel segmentation-based explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) method for neural networks working on point cloud classification. As one building block of this method, we propose a novel point-shifting mechanism to introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Raju Ningappa Mulawade , Christoph Garth , Alexander Wiebel

In this work, we apply and compare two state-of-the-art eXplainability Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, the Integrated Gradients (IG) and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), that explain the fault diagnosis decisions of a highly…

As a prominent attribution-based explanation algorithm, Integrated Gradients (IG) is widely adopted due to its desirable explanation axioms and the ease of gradient computation. It measures feature importance by averaging the model's output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Soumya Sanyal , Xiang Ren

Many explainable AI (XAI) techniques strive for interpretability by providing concise salient information, such as sparse linear factors. However, users either only see inaccurate global explanations, or highly-varying local explanations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jessica Y. Bo , Pan Hao , Brian Y. Lim

Time series prediction is a fundamental problem in scientific exploration and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have substantially bolstered its efficiency and accuracy. A well-established paradigm in AI-driven time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Kexin Jiang , Chuhan Wu , Yaoran Chen

In recent years, the modeling and analysis of interval-valued time series have garnered significant attention in the fields of econometrics and statistics. However, the existing literature primarily focuses on regression tasks while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-07 Wan Tian , Zhongfeng Qin

Gradient temporal difference (Gradient TD) algorithms are a popular class of stochastic approximation (SA) algorithms used for policy evaluation in reinforcement learning. Here, we consider Gradient TD algorithms with an additional heavy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Rohan Deb , Shalabh Bhatnagar

In high-stakes domains, such as healthcare and industry, the explainability of AI-based decision-making has become crucial. Without insight into model reasoning, the reliability of these models cannot be ensured. Applications often rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Annemarie Jutte , Faizan Ahmed , Jeroen Linssen , Maurice van Keulen

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a commonly used feature attribution method for deep neural networks. While IG has many desirable properties, the method often produces spurious/noisy pixel attributions in regions that are not related to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Andrei Kapishnikov , Subhashini Venugopalan , Besim Avci , Ben Wedin , Michael Terry , Tolga Bolukbasi

Attribution algorithms are frequently employed to explain the decisions of neural network models. Integrated Gradients (IG) is an influential attribution method due to its strong axiomatic foundation. The algorithm is based on integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Chase Walker , Sumit Jha , Kenny Chen , Rickard Ewetz

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is central to the debate on integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms into clinical practice. High-performing AI/ML models, such as ensemble learners and deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Alessandro De Carlo , Enea Parimbelli , Nicola Melillo , Giovanna Nicora

Temporal graphs represent graph evolution over time, and have been receiving considerable research attention. Work on expressing temporal graph patterns or discovering temporal motifs typically assumes relatively simple temporal…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Amir Pouya Aghasadeghi , Jan Van den Bussche , Julia Stoyanovich

A cornerstone of the worldwide transition to smart grids are smart meters. Smart meters typically collect and provide energy time series that are vital for various applications, such as grid simulations, fault-detection, load forecasting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Moritz Weber , Marian Turowski , Hüseyin K. Çakmak , Ralf Mikut , Uwe Kühnapfel , Veit Hagenmeyer

We introduce a novel modeling approach for time series imputation and forecasting, tailored to address the challenges often encountered in real-world data, such as irregular samples, missing data, or unaligned measurements from multiple…

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting meaningful features from complex data structures, driving significant advancements in fields such as neuroscience, biology, machine learning, and financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 ZiXin Lin , Nur Fariha Syaqina Zulkepli

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a widely used attribution method in explainable AI, particularly in computer vision applications where reliable feature attribution is essential. A key limitation of IG is its sensitivity to the choice of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-21 Kien Tran Duc Tuan , Tam Nguyen Trong , Son Nguyen Hoang , Khoat Than , Anh Nguyen Duc