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With the development of pre-trained language models, the dense retrieval models have become promising alternatives to the traditional retrieval models that rely on exact match and sparse bag-of-words representations. Different from most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Qi Liu , Gang Guo , Jiaxin Mao , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen , Hao Jiang , Xinyu Zhang , Zhao Cao

Multi-vector visual retrievers (e.g., ColPali-style late interaction models) deliver strong accuracy, but scale poorly because each page yields thousands of vectors, making indexing and search increasingly expensive. We present Visual RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ara Yeroyan

Late-interaction models such as ColBERT offer competitive performance across various retrieval tasks but require storing a dense embedding for each document token, leading to a substantial index storage overhead. Past works address this by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yash Kankanampati , Yuxuan Zong , Nadi Tomeh , Benjamin Piwowarski , Joseph Le Roux

The exponential growth of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has driven advancements in cross-modal reasoning but at significant computational costs. In this work, we focus on visual language models. We highlight the redundancy and inefficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yasmine Omri , Parth Shroff , Thierry Tambe

Late interaction neural IR models like ColBERT offer a competitive effectiveness-efficiency trade-off across many benchmarks. However, they require a huge memory space to store the contextual representation for all the document tokens. Some…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yuxuan Zong , Benjamin Piwowarski

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown impressive performance in computer vision, but their high computational cost, quadratic in the number of tokens, limits their adoption in computation-constrained applications. However, this large number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yifei Liu , Mathias Gehrig , Nico Messikommer , Marco Cannici , Davide Scaramuzza

Contrastive image-text pre-trained models such as CLIP have shown remarkable adaptability to downstream tasks. However, they face challenges due to the high computational requirements of the Vision Transformer (ViT) backbone. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Cheng-En Wu , Jinhong Lin , Yu Hen Hu , Pedro Morgado

Vision Transformers have demonstrated exceptional performance across various computer vision tasks, yet their quadratic computational complexity concerning token length remains a significant challenge. To address this, token reduction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Dong-Jae Lee , Jiwan Hur , Jaehyun Choi , Jaemyung Yu , Junmo Kim

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) requires representations that capture both fine-grained visual details and global document structure to ensure retrieval efficacy while maintaining computational efficiency. Existing VDR models struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fengbin Zhu , Zijing Cai , Yuzhe Wang , Pengyang Shao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Richang Hong , Tat-Seng Chua

Visual token pruning methods effectively mitigate the quadratic computational growth caused by processing high-resolution images and video frames in vision-language models (VLMs). However, existing approaches rely on predefined pruning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Huawei Ji , Yuanhao Sun , Yuan Jin , Cheng Deng , Jiaxin Ding , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang

Vision Transformer (ViT)-based sparse multi-view 3D object detectors have achieved remarkable accuracy but still suffer from high inference latency due to heavy token processing. To accelerate these models, token compression has been widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mingqian Ji , Shanshan Zhang , Jian Yang

Although vision transformers (ViTs) have shown promising results in various computer vision tasks recently, their high computational cost limits their practical applications. Previous approaches that prune redundant tokens have demonstrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Siyuan Wei , Tianzhu Ye , Shen Zhang , Yao Tang , Jiajun Liang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown impressive performance across multi-modal tasks by encoding images into thousands of tokens. However, the large number of image tokens results in significant computational overhead, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kaiyuan Li , Xiaoyue Chen , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Xinlei Chen

Pruning has emerged as a promising direction for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, yet existing approaches often suffer from instability because they rely on offline calibration data that may not generalize across inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jungmin Lee , Gwangeun Byeon , Yulhwa Kim , Seokin Hong

Since the introduction of the Vision Transformer (ViT), researchers have sought to make ViTs more efficient by removing redundant information in the processed tokens. While different methods have been explored to achieve this goal, we still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Joakim Bruslund Haurum , Sergio Escalera , Graham W. Taylor , Thomas B. Moeslund

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve state-of-the-art performance but suffer from the $O(N^2)$ complexity of self-attention, making inference costly for high-resolution inputs. To address this bottleneck, token pruning has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wei-Yuan Su , Ruijie Zhang , Zheng Zhang

Token compression techniques have recently emerged as powerful tools for accelerating Vision Transformer (ViT) inference in computer vision. Due to the quadratic computational complexity with respect to the token sequence length, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Phat Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Harnessing the full potential of visually-rich documents requires retrieval systems that understand not just text, but intricate layouts, a core challenge in Visual Document Retrieval (VDR). The prevailing multi-vector architectures, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yibo Yan , Mingdong Ou , Yi Cao , Xin Zou , Shuliang Liu , Jiahao Huo , Yu Huang , James Kwok , Xuming Hu

Transformer-based document cross-encoder rerankers are a central component of modern information retrieval systems. Despite their success, these models suffer from high computational costs due to processing long query-document sequences at…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shengyao Zhuang , Zhichao Xu , Ivano Lauriola

Retrieval augmentation is a powerful but expensive method to make language models more knowledgeable about the world. Memory-based methods like LUMEN pre-compute token representations for retrieved passages to drastically speed up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Yury Zemlyanskiy , Michiel de Jong , Luke Vilnis , Santiago Ontañón , William W. Cohen , Sumit Sanghai , Joshua Ainslie