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The zero-shot capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled highly flexible, reference-free metrics for various tasks, making LLM evaluators common tools in NLP. However, the robustness of these LLM evaluators remains relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Rickard Stureborg , Dimitris Alikaniotis , Yoshi Suhara

Natural language generation (NLG) has received increasing attention, which has highlighted evaluation as a central methodological concern. Since human evaluations for these systems are costly, automatic metrics have broad appeal in NLG.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a multitude of application opportunities. One traditional task for Information Retrieval systems is the summarization and classification of texts, both of which are important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Oliver Hummel

The majority of NLG evaluation relies on automatic metrics, such as BLEU . In this paper, we motivate the need for novel, system- and data-independent automatic evaluation methods: We investigate a wide range of metrics, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Jekaterina Novikova , Ondřej Dušek , Amanda Cercas Curry , Verena Rieser

With the rapid development of deep learning technologies, the field of machine translation has witnessed significant progress, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) that have greatly propelled the advancement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiaxin GUO , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhiqiang Rao , Jinlong Yang , Zongyao Li , Hengchao Shang , Daimeng Wei , Hao Yang

An ongoing debate in the NLG community concerns the best way to evaluate systems, with human evaluation often being considered the most reliable method, compared to corpus-based metrics. However, tasks involving subtle textual differences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Lorenzo De Mattei , Michele Cafagna , Huiyuan Lai , Felice Dell'Orletta , Malvina Nissim , Albert Gatt

While there is rapid progress in video-LLMs with advanced reasoning capabilities, prior work shows that these models struggle on the challenging task of sports feedback generation and require expensive and difficult-to-collect finetuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Arushi Rai , Adriana Kovashka

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely applied to evaluate and compare different LLM alignmnet approaches (e.g., RLHF and DPO). However, concerns regarding its reliability have emerged, due to LLM judges' biases and inconsistent decision-making.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hui Wei , Shenghua He , Tian Xia , Fei Liu , Andy Wong , Jingyang Lin , Mei Han

Accurate and consistent evaluation is crucial for decision-making across numerous fields, yet it remains a challenging task due to inherent subjectivity, variability, and scale. Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success…

Rubric-based text evaluation increasingly uses large language models (LLMs) as scalable judges, but aligning frozen black-box models with human scoring standards remains challenging. We formulate this challenge as a criteria-transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yihan Hong , Huaiyuan Yao , Bolin Shen , Wanpeng Xu , Hua Wei , Yushun Dong

Since LLMs emerged, more attention has been paid to abstractive long-form summarization, where longer input sequences indicate more information contained. Nevertheless, the automatic evaluation of such summaries remains underexplored. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yuchen Fan , Yazhe Wan , Xin Zhong , Haonan Cheng , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

With the surge of large language models (LLMs) and their ability to produce customized output, style-personalized text generation--"write like me"--has become a rapidly growing area of interest. However, style personalization is highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Anubhav Jangra , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Silviu Cucerzan , Adrian de Wynter , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Systematic reviews traditionally have taken considerable amounts of human time and energy to complete, in part due to the extensive number of titles and abstracts that must be reviewed for potential inclusion. Recently, researchers have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Kweku Yamoah , Noah Schroeder , Emmanuel Dorley , Neha Rani , Caleb Schutz

Automated scientific idea generation systems have made remarkable progress, yet the automatic evaluation of idea novelty remains a critical and underexplored challenge. Manual evaluation of novelty through literature review is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Simra Shahid , Marissa Radensky , Raymond Fok , Pao Siangliulue , Daniel S. Weld , Tom Hope

There is an increasing trend towards evaluating NLP models with LLMs instead of human judgments, raising questions about the validity of these evaluations, as well as their reproducibility in the case of proprietary models. We provide…

Text summarizing is a critical Natural Language Processing (NLP) task with applications ranging from information retrieval to content generation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in generating fluent abstractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Colleen Gilhuly , Haleh Shahzad

The quality of automatic metrics for machine translation has been increasingly called into question, especially for high-quality systems. This paper demonstrates that, while choice of metric is important, the nature of the references is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Markus Freitag , David Grangier , Isaac Caswell

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is witnessing a remarkable breakthrough driven by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have gained significant attention across academia and industry for their versatile applications in text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Taojun Hu , Xiao-Hua Zhou

To evaluate code large language models (LLMs), research has relied on a few small manually curated benchmarks, such as HumanEval and MBPP, which represent a narrow part of the real-world software domains. In this work, we introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Miltiadis Allamanis , Sheena Panthaplackel , Pengcheng Yin

The quality of texts generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Conventional reference-based metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, have been shown to have relatively low correlation with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yang Liu , Dan Iter , Yichong Xu , Shuohang Wang , Ruochen Xu , Chenguang Zhu