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Related papers: Unfolding Spatial Cognition: Evaluating Multimodal…

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We present a novel method, AutoSpatial, an efficient approach with structured spatial grounding to enhance VLMs' spatial reasoning. By combining minimal manual supervision with large-scale Visual Question-Answering (VQA) pairs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yangzhe Kong , Daeun Song , Jing Liang , Dinesh Manocha , Ziyu Yao , Xuesu Xiao

Geometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics and plays a crucial role in evaluating the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing multimodal mathematics benchmarks mainly focus on plane…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Peijie Wang , Chao Yang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Dekang Ran , Mi Tian , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Cheng-Lin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

Recently we have witnessed the rapid development of video question answering models. However, most models can only handle simple videos in terms of temporal reasoning, and their performance tends to drop when answering temporal-reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yueqian Wang , Yuxuan Wang , Kai Chen , Dongyan Zhao

Despite impressive advancements in Visual-Language Models (VLMs) for multi-modal tasks, their reliance on RGB inputs limits precise spatial understanding. Existing methods for integrating spatial cues, such as point clouds or depth, either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yang Liu , Ming Ma , Xiaomin Yu , Pengxiang Ding , Han Zhao , Mingyang Sun , Siteng Huang , Donglin Wang

Humans naturally possess the spatial reasoning ability to form and manipulate images and structures of objects in space. There is an increasing effort to endow Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with similar spatial reasoning capabilities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiahuan Zhang , Shunwen Bai , Tianheng Wang , Kaiwen Guo , Kai Han , Guozheng Rao , Kaicheng Yu

Current vision-language models may grasp basic spatial cues and simple directions (e.g. left, right, front, back), but struggle with the multi-dimensional spatial reasoning necessary for human-like understanding and real-world applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wenyu Zhang , Wei En Ng , Lixin Ma , Yuwen Wang , Junqi Zhao , Allison Koenecke , Boyang Li , Lu Wang

Existing vision-language models often suffer from spatial hallucinations, i.e., generating incorrect descriptions about the relative positions of objects in an image. We argue that this problem mainly stems from the asymmetric properties…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hang Yin , Xiaomin He , PeiWen Yuan , Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Wenxiao Fan , Shaoxiong Feng , Kan Li

Spatial reasoning focuses on locating target objects based on spatial relations in 3D scenes, which plays a crucial role in developing intelligent embodied agents. Due to the limited availability of 3D scene-language paired data, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shengli Zhou , Minghang Zheng , Feng Zheng , Yang Liu

A fundamental challenge in embodied AI is verifying if agents build internal models of spatial structure or merely learn to mimic task-specific expert trajectories. This is critical as foundational approaches rooted in action-centric tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinzhou Tang , Sidi Liu , Waikit Xiu , Weixing Chen , Keze Wang

Capturing spatial relationships from visual inputs is a cornerstone of human-like general intelligence. Several previous studies have tried to enhance the spatial awareness of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by adding extra expert encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rui Yang , Ziyu Zhu , Yanwei Li , Jingjia Huang , Shen Yan , Siyuan Zhou , Zhe Liu , Xiangtai Li , Shuangye Li , Wenqian Wang , Yi Lin , Hengshuang Zhao

Multimodal reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) typically relies on a two-stage process: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). In standard SFT, all tokens contribute equally to the loss, even though reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Shaked Perek , Ben Wiesel , Avihu Dekel , Nimrod Shabtay , Eli Schwartz

Despite recent successes, test-time scaling - i.e., dynamically expanding the token budget during inference as needed - remains brittle for vision-language models (VLMs): unstructured chains-of-thought about images entangle perception and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Niccolo Avogaro , Nayanika Debnath , Li Mi , Thomas Frick , Junling Wang , Zexue He , Hang Hua , Konrad Schindler , Mattia Rigotti

Spatial visualization is the mental ability to imagine, transform, and manipulate the spatial characteristics of objects and actions. This intelligence is a part of human cognition where actions and perception are connected on a mental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Naga Sai Abhiram Kusumba , Yixuan He , Yezhou Yang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Fatemeh Shiri , Xiao-Yu Guo , Mona Golestan Far , Xin Yu , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

Solid geometry problem solving demands spatial mathematical reasoning that integrates spatial intelligence and symbolic reasoning. However, most existing multimodal mathematical reasoning benchmarks focus primarily on 2D plane geometry,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Changti Wu , Shijie Lian , Zihao Liu , Lei Zhang , Laurence Tianruo Yang , Kai Chen

Multi-view visual reasoning is essential for intelligent systems that must understand complex environments from sparse and discrete viewpoints, yet existing research has largely focused on single-image or temporally dense video settings. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fucai Ke , Zhixi Cai , Boying Li , Long Chen , Beibei Lin , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Hamid Rezatofighi

Spatial-temporal reasoning is a challenging task in Artificial Intelligence (AI) due to its demanding but unique nature: a theoretic requirement on representing and reasoning based on spatial-temporal knowledge in mind, and an applied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Chi Zhang , Baoxiong Jia , Song-Chun Zhu , Yixin Zhu

Achieving human-like reasoning in deep learning models for complex tasks in unknown environments remains a critical challenge in embodied intelligence. While advanced vision-language models (VLMs) excel in static scene understanding, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinzhou Tang , Jusheng zhang , Sidi Liu , Waikit Xiu , Qinhan Lv , Xiying Li

Knowledge about space and time is necessary to solve problems in the physical world: An AI agent situated in the physical world and interacting with objects often needs to reason about positions of and relations between objects; and as soon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Jae Hee Lee , Michael Sioutis , Kyra Ahrens , Marjan Alirezaie , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter