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The broad applicability of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) constitutes a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and are a required format for gate array and quantum annealing computers.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis

As contemporary quantum computers do not possess error correction, any calculation performed by these devices can be considered an involuntary approximation. To solve a problem on a quantum annealer, it has to be expressed as an instance of…

This paper proposes a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve a fundamental power system problem called unit commitment (UC). The UC problem is decomposed into a quadratic subproblem, a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 Reza Mahroo , Amin Kargarian

Mission planning often involves optimising the use of ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) assets in order to achieve a set of mission objectives within allowed parameters subject to constraints. The missions of interest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Ethan Davies , Pranav Kalidindi

We propose and implement a family of quantum-informed recursive optimization (QIRO) algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems. Our approach leverages quantum resources to obtain information that is used in problem-specific…

Variational quantum circuits for image classification suffer from barren plateaus, while quantum kernel methods scale quadratically with dataset size. We propose an iterative framework based on Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Mostafa Atallah , Rebekah Herrman

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most short-term promising quantum-classical algorithm to solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization problems. It alternates between the execution of a parametrized quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Camille Grange , Marion Lavignac , Valentina Pozzoli , Eric Bourreau

We present QUBOLite, a Python package for the creation, manipulation, analysis, and solution of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) instances. Built as a thin wrapper around NumPy arrays, QUBOLite combines efficient numerical…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sascha Mücke , Thore Gerlach , Nico Piatkowski , Lukas Theißinger

We present a classical algorithm to find approximate solutions to instances of quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation. The algorithm can be seen as an analogue of quantum annealing under the restriction of a product state space, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Joseph Bowles , Alexandre Dauphin , Patrick Huembeli , José Martinez , Antonio Acín

This work presents a novel tensor network algorithm for solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, Quadratic Unconstrained Discrete Optimization (QUDO) problems, and Tensor Quadratic Unconstrained Discrete…

We extend the family of problems that may be implemented on an adiabatic quantum optimizer (AQO). When a quadratic optimization problem has at least one set of discrete controls and the constraints are linear, we call this a quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Rishabh Chandra , N. Tobias Jacobson , Jonathan E. Moussa , Steven H. Frankel , Sabre Kais

In this paper, we study the computational complexity of the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem under the functional problem FP^NP categorization. We focus on four sub-classes: (1) When all coefficients are integers…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Hirotoshi Yasuoka

Ising machines are next-generation computers expected to efficiently sample near-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Combinatorial optimization problems are modeled as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Kentaro Ohno , Nozomu Togawa

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the mathematical formalism for phrasing and solving a class of optimization problems that are combinatorial in nature. Due to their natural equivalence with the two dimensional Ising…

In recent years, there is a growing interest in using quantum computers for solving combinatorial optimization problems. In this work, we developed a generic, machine learning-based framework for mapping continuous-space inverse design…

NP problems are closely related to practical optimization challenges but often suffer from exponential increases in computation time as problem sizes grow. Quantum annealing offers a promising approach to solve NP problems faster than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Toru Fujii , Koshi Komuro , Kaito Tomari

Formulation symmetry in mixed-integer programming (MIP) can hinder solver performance by inducing redundant search, but detecting such symmetries is also a significant computational challenge. This paper explores the potential for quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Alexander While , Chen Chen

Multi-period stock-keeping unit (SKU) allocation in supply chains is a combinatorial optimization problem that is both NP-hard and operationally critical, requiring simultaneous attention to profitability, feasibility, and diversity.…

In this paper, we introduce three QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) relaxations for the sparsest $k$-subgraph (SkS) problem: a quadratic penalty relaxation, a Lagrangian relaxation, and an augmented Lagrangian relaxation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Omkar Bihani , Roman Kužel , Janez Povh , Dunja Pucher

NP-hard problems are not believed to be exactly solvable through general polynomial time algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms to address such combinatorial problems have been of great interest in the past few years. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Yagnik Chatterjee , Eric Bourreau , Marko J. Rančić
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