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Maintenance is a dominant component of software cost, and localizing reported defects is a significant component of maintenance. We propose a scalable approach that leverages the natural language present in both defect reports and source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-11-14 Zachary P. Fry , Westley Weimer

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software development workflows, yet they often introduce subtle logic or data-misuse errors that differ from human bugs. To study how these two error types interact, we construct…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Cole Granger , Dipin Khati , Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , Denys Poshyvanyk

Software fault localization remains challenging due to limited feature diversity and low precision in traditional methods. This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates multi-objective optimization with deep learning models to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xiaolei Hu , Dongcheng Li , W. Eric Wong , Ya Zou

Background: Bug reports are essential to the software development life cycle. They help developers track and resolve issues, but are often difficult to process due to their complexity, which can delay resolution and affect software quality.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zhiyuan Chen , Vanessa Nava-Camal , Ahmad Suleiman , Yiming Tang , Daqing Hou , Weiyi Shang

Fixing bugs in large programs is a challenging task that demands substantial time and effort. Once a bug is found, it is reported to the project maintainers, who work with the reporter to fix it and eventually close the issue. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Qiushi Wu , Yue Xiao , Dhilung Kirat , Kevin Eykholt , Jiyong Jang , Douglas Lee Schales

Large language models are increasingly used for code generation and debugging, but their outputs can still contain bugs, that originate from training data. Distinguishing whether an LLM prefers correct code, or a familiar incorrect version…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ali Al-Kaswan , Claudio Spiess , Prem Devanbu , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) play an indispensable role in Electronic Design Automation (EDA), translating Register-Transfer Level (RTL) designs into gate-level netlists. The correctness and reliability of FPGA logic synthesis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hui Zeng , Zhihao Xu , Hui Li , Siwen Wang , Qian Ma

Automated Program Repair (APR) has benefited from the code understanding and generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing feedback-based APR methods iteratively refine candidate patches using test execution feedback and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Linhao Wu , Yifei Pei , Zhen Yang , Kainan Li , Zhonghang Lu , Hao Tan , Xiran Lyu , Jia Li , Yizhou Chen , Pengyu Xue , Kunwu Zheng , Dan Hao

Bug reproduction is a critical developer activity that is also challenging to automate, as bug reports are often in natural language and thus can be difficult to transform to test cases consistently. As a result, existing techniques mostly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Sungmin Kang , Juyeon Yoon , Nargiz Askarbekkyzy , Shin Yoo

Linux kernel bug repair is typically approached as a direct mapping from crash reports to code patches. In practice, however, kernel fixes undergo iterative revision on mailing lists before acceptance, with reviewer feedback shaping…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Luyao Bai , Kenan Alghythee , Hang Zhang , Xiaoguang Wang

Defects4J is a large, peer-reviewed, structured dataset of real-world Java bugs. Each bug in Defects4J is provided with a test suite and at least one failing test case that triggers the bug. In this paper, we report on an experiment to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-24 Matias Martinez , Thomas Durieux , Jifeng Xuan , Romain Sommerard , Martin Monperrus

Software defects are a major threat to the reliability of computer systems. The literature shows that more than 30% of bug reports submitted in large software projects are misclassified (i.e., are feature requests, or mistakes made by the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Renato Andrade , César Teixeira , Nuno Laranjeiro , Marco Vieira

Neural network-based techniques for automated program repair are becoming increasingly effective. Despite their success, little is known about why they succeed or fail, and how their way of reasoning about the code to repair compares to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Dominik Huber , Matteo Paltenghi , Michael Pradel

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents that reason over external APIs to perform complex tasks. However, their reliability and agreement remain poorly characterized. We present a unified benchmarking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Eyhab Al-Masri

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and CodeLlama are powerful models for code generation and understanding. Fine-tuning these models comes with a high computational cost and requires a large labeled dataset. Alternatively,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Kamel Alrashedy , Ahmed Binjahlan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong natural language processing and code synthesis capabilities, which has led to their rapid adoption in software engineering applications. However, details about LLM training data are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jae Yong Lee , Sungmin Kang , Juyeon Yoon , Shin Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive effectiveness in various software engineering tasks, including automated program repair (APR). In this study, we take a deep dive into automated bug fixing utilizing LLMs. In contrast to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Soneya Binta Hossain , Nan Jiang , Qiang Zhou , Xiaopeng Li , Wen-Hao Chiang , Yingjun Lyu , Hoan Nguyen , Omer Tripp

Recently, multiple Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proposed to enhance the repair performance. While these techniques mainly focus on the single-line or hunk-level repair, they face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jiahong Xiang , Xiaoyang Xu , Fanchu Kong , Mingyuan Wu , Zizheng Zhang , Haotian Zhang , Yuqun Zhang

LLMs are transforming software development, yet current code generation and code repair benchmarks mainly assess syntactic and functional correctness in simple, single-error cases. LLMs' capabilities to autonomously find and fix runtime…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zhiyu Yang , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Yang Deng

Software auditing is an increasingly critical task in the era of rapid code generation. While LLM-based auditors have demonstrated strong potential, their effectiveness remains limited by misalignment with the highly complex,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jinyao Guo , Chengpeng Wang , Dominic Deluca , Jinjie Liu , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang