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Mathematical equations have been unreasonably effective in describing complex natural phenomena across various scientific disciplines. However, discovering such insightful equations from data presents significant challenges due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Parshin Shojaee , Kazem Meidani , Shashank Gupta , Amir Barati Farimani , Chandan K Reddy

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue for scientific discovery, yet their application to symbolic regression is often constrained by inefficient search strategies and coarse feedback signals. Current methods typically guide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Evgeny S. Saveliev , Samuel Holt , Nabeel Seedat , David L. Bentley , Jim Weatherall , Mihaela van der Schaar

Pre-trained large language models (LMs) struggle to perform logical reasoning reliably despite advances in scale and compositionality. In this work, we tackle this challenge through the lens of symbolic programming. We propose DSR-LM, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Hanlin Zhang , Jiani Huang , Ziyang Li , Mayur Naik , Eric Xing

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover explicit mathematical expressions that explain observed data and is widely used in domains where interpretability is essential. Because interpretability requires expressions to reflect meaningful…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Koki Ikeda , Masahiro Nomura , Ryoki Hamano

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover concise closed-form mathematical equations from data, a task fundamental to scientific discovery. However, the problem is highly challenging because closed-form equations lie in a complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Samuel Holt , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a powerful tool for automated scientific discovery, enabling the derivation of governing equations from experimental data. A growing body of work illustrates the promise of integrating domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Bilge Taskin , Wenxiong Xie , Teddy Lazebnik

Discovering valid and meaningful mathematical equations from observed data plays a crucial role in scientific discovery. While this task, symbolic regression, remains challenging due to the vast search space and the trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xiaoxu Han , Chengzhen Ning , Jinghui Zhong , Fubiao Yang , Yu Wang , Xin Mu

We present a novel method for symbolic regression (SR), the task of searching for compact programmatic hypotheses that best explain a dataset. The problem is commonly solved using genetic algorithms; we show that we can enhance such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arya Grayeli , Atharva Sehgal , Omar Costilla-Reyes , Miles Cranmer , Swarat Chaudhuri

Mathematical formulas are the crystallization of human wisdom in exploring the laws of nature for thousands of years. Describing the complex laws of nature with a concise mathematical formula is a constant pursuit of scientists and a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yanjie Li , Jingyi Liu , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Min Wu , Wenqiang Li , Meilan Hao , Su Wei , Yusong Deng

Scientific equation discovery is a fundamental task in the history of scientific progress, enabling the derivation of laws governing natural phenomena. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained interest for this task due to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Parshin Shojaee , Ngoc-Hieu Nguyen , Kazem Meidani , Amir Barati Farimani , Khoa D Doan , Chandan K Reddy

State of the art Symbolic Regression (SR) methods currently build specialized models, while the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce the first comprehensive framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Matteo Merler , Katsiaryna Haitsiukevich , Nicola Dainese , Pekka Marttinen

Symbolic regression (SR) is a powerful technique for discovering the analytical mathematical expression from data, finding various applications in natural sciences due to its good interpretability of results. However, existing methods face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Xieting Chu , Hongjue Zhao , Enze Xu , Hairong Qi , Minghan Chen , Huajie Shao

In nature, the behaviors of many complex systems can be described by parsimonious math equations. Automatically distilling these equations from limited data is cast as a symbolic regression process which hitherto remains a grand challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yilong Xu , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

Symbolic regression is emerging as a promising machine learning method for learning succinct underlying interpretable mathematical expressions directly from data. Whereas it has been traditionally tackled with genetic programming, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Nour Makke , Sanjay Chawla

Symbolic regression (SR) searches for analytical expressions representing the relationship between a set of explanatory and response variables. Current SR methods assume a single dataset extracted from a single experiment. Nevertheless,…

Symbolic regression (SR), the task of discovering mathematical expressions that best describe a given dataset, remains a fundamental challenge in scientific discovery. Traditional approaches, primarily based on genetic algorithms and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hao Liu , Xiao-Wen Yang , Atharva Sehgal , Yixin Wang , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li , Yisong Yue

Symbolic regression seeks to uncover physical laws from experimental data by searching for closed-form expressions, which is an important task in AI-driven scientific discovery. Yet the exponential growth of the search space of expression…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nan Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Yexiang Xue

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked interest in their application to sequential recommendation tasks as they can provide supportive item information. However, due to the inherent complexities of sequential recommendation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yu Wang , Zhiwei Liu , Jianguo Zhang , Weiran Yao , Shelby Heinecke , Philip S. Yu

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a powerful method for uncovering interpretable mathematical relationships from data, offering a novel route to both scientific discovery and efficient empirical modelling. This article introduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira , Gabriel Kronberger

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. The dominant paradigm, outcome-supervised reinforcement learning (RLVR), rewards only correct final answers, often propagating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Beining Wang , Weihang Su , Hongtao Tian , Tao Yang , Yujia Zhou , Ting Yao , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu
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