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The paper examines how EU rules in AI, 5G, and cybersecurity operate as transnational governance and shape policy in Guatemala. It outlines the AI Act's risk approach, the 5G Action Plan and Security Toolbox, and the cybersecurity regime…
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As the AI supply chain grows more complex, AI systems and models are increasingly likely to incorporate multiple internally- or externally-sourced components such as datasets and (pre-trained) models. In such cases, determining whether or…
In April 2021, the European Commission published a proposed regulation on AI. It intends to create a uniform legal framework for AI within the European Union (EU). In this chapter, we analyze and assess the proposal. We show that the…
This article examines the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) regulation in financial services, detailing the legal frameworks and compliance challenges posed by rapid technological adoption. By reviewing current legislation,…
The digital identity problem is a complex one in large part because it involves personal data, the algorithms which compute reputations on the data and the management of the identifiers that are linked to personal data. The reality of today…
Organizational cybersecurity policies are often examined to determine whether they adequately comply standard security controls. This task is difficult because control statements are abstract, whereas policy documents describe governance…
Modern software has been an integral part of everyday activities in many disciplines and application contexts. Introducing intelligent automation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to break-throughs in many fields. The…
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides new rights and protections to European people concerning their personal data. We analyze GDPR from a systems perspective, translating its legal articles into a set of capabilities and…
The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) is a new European Union (EU) regulation aimed at enhancing the security of digital products and services by ensuring they meet stringent cybersecurity requirements. This paper investigates the challenges that…
Recent proposals aiming at regulating artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADM) suggest a particular form of risk regulation, i.e. a risk-based approach. The most salient example is the Artificial Intelligence Act…
We live in a world that is experiencing an unprecedented boom of AI applications that increasingly penetrate and enhance all sectors of private and public life, from education, media, medicine, and mobility to the industrial and…
This systematic literature review analyzes the current state of compliance with Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 in autonomous robotic systems, focusing on cybersecurity frameworks and methodologies. Using the PRISMA protocol, 22 studies were…
In our data-centric world, most services rely on collecting and using personal data. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to enhance individuals' control over their data, but its practical impact is not well understood.…
Social media platforms have traditionally relied on internal moderation teams and partnerships with independent fact-checking organizations to identify and flag misleading content. Recently, however, platforms including X (formerly Twitter)…
As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies increasingly enter important sectors like healthcare, transportation, and finance, the development of effective governance frameworks is crucial for dealing with ethical, security, and societal…
The current advancement in and deployment of agentic AI systems has created a set of key challenges for the legal frameworks that govern their use. We cover two central components: first, the regulatory classification of agents under the EU…
Document redaction in public authorities faces critical challenges as traditional manual approaches struggle to balance growing transparency demands with increasingly stringent data protection requirements. This study investigates the…