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Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled mobile GUI agents capable of visual perception, cross-modal reasoning, and interactive control. However, existing benchmarks are largely English-centric and fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yang Li , Yuchen Liu , Haoyu Lu , Zhiqiang Xia , Hongzhen Wang , Kaiyang Han , Changpeng Yang , Jinyang Wu , Jiaming Xu , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, powered by Large Foundation Models, have emerged as a transformative approach to automating human-computer interaction. These agents autonomously interact with digital systems or software applications…

In this paper, we introduce OSUniverse: a benchmark of complex, multimodal desktop-oriented tasks for advanced GUI-navigation AI agents that focuses on ease of use, extensibility, comprehensive coverage of test cases, and automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mariya Davydova , Daniel Jeffries , Patrick Barker , Arturo Márquez Flores , Sinéad Ryan

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents have advanced rapidly but still struggle with complex tasks involving novel UI elements, long-horizon actions, and personalized trajectories. In this work, we introduce Instruction Agent, a GUI agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yinheng Li , Hailey Hultquist , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex smartphone tasks. However, existing approaches face two critical limitations: the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yiping Xie , Song Chen , Jingxuan Xing , Wei Jiang , Zekun Zhu , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jun Song , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

Among existing online mobile-use benchmarks, AndroidWorld has emerged as the dominant benchmark due to its reproducible environment and deterministic evaluation; however, recent agents achieving over 90% success rates indicate its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Quyu Kong , Xu Zhang , Zhenyu Yang , Nolan Gao , Chen Liu , Panrong Tong , Chenglin Cai , Hanzhang Zhou , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Zhidan Liu , Steven Hoi , Yue Wang

(M)LLM-powered computer use agents (CUA) are emerging as a transformative technique to automate human-computer interaction. However, existing CUA benchmarks predominantly target GUI agents, whose evaluation methods are susceptible to UI…

Block-based programming environments such as Scratch play a central role in low-code education, yet evaluating the capabilities of AI agents to construct programs through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) remains underexplored. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xingyi Zhang , Yulei Ye , Kaifeng Huang , Wenhao Li , Xiangfeng Wang

Computer use agents are LLM-based agents that can directly interact with a graphical user interface, by processing screenshots or accessibility trees. While these systems are gaining popularity, their safety has been largely overlooked,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Kuntz , Agatha Duzan , Hao Zhao , Francesco Croce , Zico Kolter , Nicolas Flammarion , Maksym Andriushchenko

Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents aim to facilitate task automation by interacting with the user interface without manual intervention. Recent studies have investigated eliciting the capabilities of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang

Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models have shown great promise. However, a critical yet underexplored issue persists: over-execution, where the agent executes tasks in a fully…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Pengzhou Cheng , Zheng Wu , Zongru Wu , Aston Zhang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been used as agents to control keyboard and mouse inputs by directly perceiving the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and generating corresponding commands. However, current agents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Siyuan Wu , Jingyu Tang , Liuyi Chen , Yilin Bai , Zhigang He , Chenlong Wang , Huichi Zhou , Yiqiang Li , Tianshuo Zhou , Yue Yu , Chujie Gao , Qihui Zhang , Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Jianfeng Gao , Lichao Sun

Current mobile GUI agent benchmarks systematically fail to assess memory capabilities, with only 5.2-11.8% memory-related tasks and no cross-session learning evaluation. We introduce MemGUI-Bench, a comprehensive memory-centric benchmark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Yaozhen Liang , Qinyi Luo , Shunye Tang , Yuxiang Chai , Weifeng Lin , Han Xiao , WenHao Wang , Siheng Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Gao Wu , Hao Wang , Liang Liu , Yong Liu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously operate on digital interfaces through natural language instructions, hold transformative potential for accessibility, automation, and user experience. A critical aspect of their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuheng Lu , Qian Yu , Hongru Wang , Zeming Liu , Wei Su , Yanping Liu , Yuhang Guo , Maocheng Liang , Yunhong Wang , Haifeng Wang

Towards an embodied generalist for real-world interaction, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents still suffer from challenging latency, sparse feedback, and irreversible mistakes. Video games offer an ideal testbed with rich visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingyu Ouyang , Siyuan Hu , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Hwee Tou Ng , Mike Zheng Shou

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong potential as multilingual Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, as evidenced by existing GUI benchmarks. However, these benchmarks exhibit two primary limitations: (1) although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ruihan Chen , Qiming Li , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Xiaoliang Yang , Yuxuan Gu , Zekun Zhou , Yunfei Lu , Haoyu Ren , Kun Chen , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show great potential for enabling foundation models to complete real-world tasks, revolutionizing human-computer interaction and improving human productivity. In this report, we present OmegaUse, a…

Mobile GUI Agents, AI agents capable of interacting with mobile applications on behalf of users, have the potential to transform human computer interaction. However, current evaluation practices for GUI agents face two fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Youngmin Im , Byeongung Jo , Jaeyoung Wi , Seungwoo Baek , Tae Hoon Min , Joo Hyung Lee , Sangeun Oh , Insik Shin , Sunjae Lee

Recently, large language model (LLM)-based agents have achieved significant success in interactive environments, attracting significant academic and industrial attention. Despite these advancements, current research predominantly focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peng Wang , Ruihan Tao , Qiguang Chen , Mengkang Hu , Libo Qin

Current benchmarks for graphical user interface (GUI) agents predominantly rely on static screenshots. However, real-world smartphone interaction routinely requires agents to process transient audio cues and temporal video dynamics that are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Felix Henry , Xiaochen Lin , Jiangyou Zhu , Yangfan , Bingqian Zhang , Min Chen , Shiyu Huang