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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various natural language processing tasks. However, they are prone to generating fluent yet untruthful responses, known as "hallucinations". Hallucinations can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Minda Hu , Bowei He , Yufei Wang , Liangyou Li , Chen Ma , Irwin King

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing with their impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities. However, these models are sometimes prone to generating credible-sounding but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ranganath Krishnan , Piyush Khanna , Omesh Tickoo

Hallucination is a key roadblock for applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for enterprise applications that are sensitive to information accuracy. To address this issue, two general approaches have been explored:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinxi Chen , Li Wang , Wei Wu , Qi Tang , Yiyao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

Large language models (LLMs) often miscommunicate their uncertainty: repeated queries can produce divergent answers, yet generated responses are typically unhedged or hedged in ways that do not reflect this variability. This conveys…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Bryan Eikema , Evgenia Ilia , José G. C. de Souza , Chrysoula Zerva , Wilker Aziz

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit in-context learning abilities which enable the same model to perform several tasks without any task-specific training. In contrast, traditional adaptation approaches, such as fine-tuning, modify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Kush Bhatia , Avanika Narayan , Christopher De Sa , Christopher Ré

Large language models (LLMs) with one or more fine-tuning phases have become a necessary step to unlock various capabilities, enabling LLMs to follow natural language instructions or align with human preferences. However, it carries the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tingfeng Hui , Zhenyu Zhang , Shuohuan Wang , Weiran Xu , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in critical fields such as healthcare, education, and finance due to their remarkable proficiency in various language-related tasks. However, LLMs are prone to generating factually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Muneeswaran I , Shreya Saxena , Siva Prasad , M V Sai Prakash , Advaith Shankar , Varun V , Vishal Vaddina , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) often hallucinate, producing fluent but false information, partly because supervised fine-tuning (SFT) implicitly rewards always responding. We introduce $\textit{HypoTermInstruct}$, an SFT dataset (31,487…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Cem Uluoglakci , Tugba Taskaya Temizel

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ray Li , Tanishka Bagade , Kevin Martinez , Flora Yasmin , Grant Ayala , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Alignment is a standard procedure to fine-tune pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to follow natural language instructions and serve as helpful AI assistants. We have observed, however, that the conventional alignment process fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Luyu Gao , Barlas Oguz , Wenhan Xiong , Jimmy Lin , Wen-tau Yih , Xilun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but face challenges from hallucinations, which typically arise from insufficient knowledge or context. While instructing LLMs to acknowledge knowledge limitations by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jiaqi Li , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

During the pretraining phase, large language models (LLMs) acquire vast amounts of knowledge from extensive text corpora. Nevertheless, in later stages such as fine-tuning and inference, the model may encounter knowledge not covered in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bozhou Li , Hao Liang , Yang Li , Fangcheng Fu , Hongzhi Yin , Conghui He , Wentao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit excellent performance in natural language processing (NLP), but remain highly sensitive to the quality of input queries, especially when these queries contain misleading or inaccurate information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guocong Li , Weize Liu , Yihang Wu , Ping Wang , Shuaihan Huang , Hongxia Xu , Jian Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly important in natural language processing, enabling advanced data analytics through natural language queries. However, these models often generate "hallucinations"-inaccurate or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mikhail Rumiantsau , Aliaksei Vertsel , Ilya Hrytsuk , Isaiah Ballah

Despite showing increasingly human-like abilities, large language models (LLMs) often struggle with factual inaccuracies, i.e. "hallucinations", even when they hold relevant knowledge. To address these hallucinations, current approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xiaoying Zhang , Baolin Peng , Ye Tian , Jingyan Zhou , Lifeng Jin , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Helen Meng

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing tasks, yet they are susceptible to generating inaccurate or unreliable responses, a phenomenon known as hallucination. In critical domains such as health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Sumera Anjum , Hanzhi Zhang , Wenjun Zhou , Eun Jin Paek , Xiaopeng Zhao , Yunhe Feng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in text generation and knowledge-intensive question answering. Nevertheless, they are prone to producing hallucinated content, which severely undermines their reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Hallucinations remain a major obstacle for large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains. We present HALT (Hallucination Assessment via Log-probs as Time series), a lightweight hallucination detector that leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ahmad Shapiro , Karan Taneja , Ashok Goel

Mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for their reliable deployment. Existing methods typically fine-tune LLMs to abstain from answering questions beyond their knowledge scope. However, these methods often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hao An , Yang Xu
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