Related papers: A Tale of Two Shocks
One of the earliest indicators of the importance of shock acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) was the broad spatial extent of the "gradual" SEP events produced as the shock waves, driven by wide, fast coronal mass ejections…
We study the influence of the large-scale interplanetary magnetic field configuration on the solar energetic particles (SEPs) as detected at different satellites near Earth and on the correlation of their peak intensities with the parent…
Until fairly recently, it was widely accepted that local cosmic ray spectra were largely featureless power laws, containing limited information on their acceleration and transport. This viewpoint is currently being revised in the light of…
Dynamical and thermal characterizations of excited nuclear systems produced during the collisions between two heavy ions at intermediate incident energies are presented by means of a review of experimental and theoretical work performed in…
We study the variation of the shape of the proton intensity-time profiles in simulated gradual Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with the relative observer's position in space with respect to the main direction of propagation of an…
Local particle acceleration in the shock sheath region formed during the interaction between multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a complicated process that is still under investigation. On March 23, 2024, the successive eruption of…
One of the sources of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is shocks that are driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). They can accelerate SEPs up to relativistic energies and are attributed to the largest SEP events. New studies…
Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are charged particles accelerated within the solar atmosphere or the interplanetary space by explosive phenomena such as solar flares or Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Once injected into the interplanetary…
We have evaluated the energetics of 38 solar eruptive events observed by a variety of spacecraft instruments between February 2002 and December 2006, as accurately as the observations allow. The measured energetic components include: (1)…
Most cosmic ray antiprotons observed near the Earth are secondaries produced in collisions of energetic cosmic ray (CR) particles with interstellar gas. The spectrum of secondary antiprotons is expected to peak at ~2 GeV and decrease…
Large solar eruptions are often associated with long-duration gamma-ray emission extending well above 100 MeV. While this phenomenon is known to be caused by high-energy ions interacting with the solar atmosphere, the underlying dominant…
The Interplanetary Magnetic Field shows complex spatial and temporal variations. Single spacecraft measurements reveal only a one dimensional section of this rich four dimensional phenomenon. Multi-point measurements of the four Cluster…
The 28 October 2003 flare gave us the unique opportunity to compare the acceleration time of high-energy protons with the escaping time of those particles which have been measured onboard spacecraft and by neutron monitors network as GLE…
The spatial and temporal invariance in the spectra of energetic particles in the gradual solar events is reproduced in the simulations. Based on a numerical solution of the focused transport equation, we obtain the intensity time profiles…
Magnetic reconnection is an explosive energy release event. It plays an important role in accelerating particles to high non-thermal energies. These particles often exhibit energy spectra characterized by a power-law distribution. However,…
We examine statistics of magnetic field vector components to explore how intermittency evolves from near sun plasma to radial distances as large as 10 au. Statistics entering the analysis include auto-correlation, magnetic structure…
Spacecraft observations of high-energy electron flux enhancement up to 125 keV at Earth's magnetopause are typically linked to the magnetic reconnection. Here, we report the first ever observation of prolonged electron flux enhancement…
We investigate the East-West asymmetry in energetic storm particle (ESP) heavy ion intensities at interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during solar cycles (SCs) 23 and 24. We use observations from NASA's ACE and…
We propose a model for the acceleration of charged particles in interplanetary space that appear during quiet time periods, that is, not associated with solar activity events like intense flares or coronal mass ejections. The interaction of…
We present a numerical study of two-particle dispersion from point-sources in 3D incompressible Homogeneous and Isotropic turbulence, at Reynolds number Re \simeq 300. Tracer particles are emitted in bunches from localized sources smaller…