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Traditional Federated Learning (FL) faces significant challenges in terms of efficiency and accuracy, particularly in heterogeneous environments where clients employ diverse model architectures and have varying computational resources. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Jiacheng Wang , Hongtao Lv , Lei Liu

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm within edge computing (EC) systems, enabling numerous edge devices to collaboratively train artificial intelligence (AI) models while maintaining data privacy. To overcome the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuze Liu , Tiehua Zhang , Zhishu Shen , Libing Wu , Shiping Chen , Jiong Jin

Model heterogeneity poses a significant challenge in Heterogeneous Federated Learning (HtFL). In scenarios with diverse model architectures, directly aggregating model parameters is impractical, leading HtFL methods to incorporate an extra…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jianqing Zhang , Yang Liu , Yang Hua , Jian Cao , Qiang Yang

Heterogeneity in data distributions and model architectures remains a significant challenge in federated learning (FL). Various heterogeneous FL (HtFL) approaches have recently been proposed to address this challenge. Among them,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Gyuejeong Lee , Jihwan Shin , Daeyoung Choi

Federated Learning (FL) stands to gain significant advantages from collaboratively training capacity-heterogeneous models, enabling the utilization of private data and computing power from low-capacity devices. However, the focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Zheng Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhaopeng Peng , Zihui Wang , Cheng Wang

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique in which multiple clients cooperate to train a shared model without exchanging their raw data. However, heterogeneity of data distribution among clients usually leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Yu Qiao , Seong-Bae Park , Sun Moo Kang , Choong Seon Hong

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized devices while preserving data privacy. However, real-world FL deployments face critical challenges such as data imbalances, including label noise and non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Siqi Zhu , Joshua D. Kaggie

Federated Learning (FL) has become a practical and widely adopted distributed learning paradigm. However, the lack of a comprehensive and standardized solution covering diverse use cases makes it challenging to use in practice. In addition,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Chulin Xie , Qinbin Li , Kangping Hu , Haoyu Kim , Xiaojun Xu , The-Anh Vu-Le , Zhen Huang , Arash Nourian , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Heterogeneity in federated learning (FL) is a critical and challenging aspect that significantly impacts model performance and convergence. In this paper, we propose a novel framework by formulating heterogeneous FL as a hierarchical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Yuyang Qiu , Kibaek Kim , Farzad Yousefian

With the rapid advancement of 5G networks, billions of smart Internet of Things (IoT) devices along with an enormous amount of data are generated at the network edge. While still at an early age, it is expected that the evolving 6G network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Bing Luo , Xiaomin Ouyang , Peng Sun , Pengchao Han , Ningning Ding , Jianwei Huang

Federated Learning (FL) is extensively used to train AI/ML models in distributed and privacy-preserving settings. Participant edge devices in FL systems typically contain non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) private data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Sixing Yu , J. Pablo Muñoz , Ali Jannesari

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine-learning approach enabling collaborative model training across multiple decentralized edge devices that hold local data samples, all without exchanging these samples. This collaborative process occurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Venkataraman Natarajan Iyer

Artificial intelligence has transformed the perspective of medical imaging, leading to a genuine technological revolution in modern computer-assisted healthcare systems. However, ubiquitously featured deep learning (DL) systems require…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Dominika Ciupek , Maciej Malawski , Tomasz Pieciak

Federated learning (FL) has been widely adopted across various applications, such as healthcare, finance, and smart cities. However, as experimental scenarios become more complex, existing FL frameworks and benchmarks have struggled to keep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Chuyi Chen , Zhe Zhang , Yanchao Zhao

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) over massive applications including Internet-of-things on cellular network raises the concern of technical challenges such as privacy, heterogeneity and resource efficiency. Federated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xingfu Yi , Rongpeng Li , Chenghui Peng , Fei Wang , Jianjun Wu , Zhifeng Zhao

There are situations where data relevant to machine learning problems are distributed across multiple locations that cannot share the data due to regulatory, competitiveness, or privacy reasons. Machine learning approaches that require data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Dimitris Stripelis , Jose Luis Ambite

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution in Edge Computing (EC) environments to process the proliferation of data generated by edge devices. By collaboratively optimizing the global machine learning models on distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yongzhe Jia , Xuyun Zhang , Amin Beheshti , Wanchun Dou

Along with the increasing popularity of Deep Learning (DL) techniques, more and more Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) systems are adopting federated learning (FL) to enable privacy-aware collaborative learning among AIoT devices.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zekai Chen , Chentao Jia , Ming Hu , Xiaofei Xie , Anran Li , Mingsong Chen

In modern communication networks driven by 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), effective network traffic flow classification is crucial for Quality of Service (QoS) management and security. Traditional centralized machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jiazhuo Tian , Yachao Yuan

Federated Learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving framework for training machine learning models on mobile edge devices. Traditional FL algorithms, e.g., FedAvg, impose a heavy communication workload on these devices. To mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zhidong Gao , Yu Zhang , Yanmin Gong , Yuanxiong Guo