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Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks. However, traditional fine-tuning methods for leveraging PLMs for downstream tasks entail significant computational overhead. Prompt-tuning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ali Shakeri , Wei Emma Zhang , Amin Beheshti , Weitong Chen , Jian Yang , Lishan Yang

Model scaling is becoming the default choice for many language tasks due to the success of large language models (LLMs). However, it can fall short in specific scenarios where simple customized methods excel. In this paper, we delve into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Xiaochen Kev Gao , Feng Yao , Kewen Zhao , Beilei He , Animesh Kumar , Vish Krishnan , Jingbo Shang

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has highlighted the need for efficient and reliable methods to evaluate their performance. Traditional evaluation methods often face challenges like high costs, limited task formats,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junjie Chen , Weihang Su , Zhumin Chu , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , Dingbo Yuan , Xudong Wang , Jun Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma , Qingyao Ai

LTL3 is a multi-valued variant of Linear-time Temporal Logic for runtime verification applications. The semantic descriptions of LTL3 in previous work are given only in terms of the relationship to conventional LTL. Our approach, by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Rayhana Amjad , Rob van Glabbeek , Liam O'Connor

Medical image analysis using deep learning is often challenged by limited labeled data and high annotation costs. Fine-tuning the entire network in label-limited scenarios can lead to overfitting and suboptimal performance. Recently, prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Fan Bai , Ke Yan , Xiaoyu Bai , Xinyu Mao , Xiaoli Yin , Jingren Zhou , Yu Shi , Le Lu , Max Q. -H. Meng

Pretraining language models is still a challenge for many researchers due to its substantial computational costs. As such, there is growing interest in developing more affordable pretraining methods. One notable advancement in this area is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Martin Kuo , Jianyi Zhang , Dongting Li , Yiran Chen

Masked language modeling (MLM) pre-training methods such as BERT corrupt the input by replacing some tokens with [MASK] and then train a model to reconstruct the original tokens. While they produce good results when transferred to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Kevin Clark , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le , Christopher D. Manning

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical, yet traditional fine-tuning methods are computationally expensive and inflexible. While test-time alignment offers a promising alternative, existing approaches often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Tiesunlong Shen , Rui Mao , Jin Wang , Heming Sun , Jian Zhang , Xuejie Zhang , Erik Cambria

Speculative decoding, which combines a draft model with a target model, has emerged as an effective approach to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference. However, existing methods often face a trade-off between the acceptance rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Danying Ge , Jianhua Gao , Qizhi Jiang , Yifei Feng , Weixing Ji

Prompt compression reduces inference cost and context length in large language models, but prior evaluations focus primarily on autoregressive architectures. This study investigates whether prompt compression transfers effectively to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sterling Huang , Abigayle Brown , Jiyoo Noh , Jiakang Xu , Wantong Huo , Kaung Myat Kyaw , Jonathan Chan

Deployment of autoregressive large language models (LLMs) is costly, and as these models increase in size, the associated costs will become even more considerable. Consequently, different methods have been proposed to accelerate the token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Parsa Kavehzadeh , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Mojtaba Valipour , Tinashu Zhu , Haoli Bai , Ali Ghodsi , Boxing Chen , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Evaluating the quality of machine-generated natural language content is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have been employed for this purpose, but they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Daniil Larionov , Steffen Eger

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on various downstream tasks with whole parameters is prohibitively expensive. Hence, Parameter-efficient fine-tuning has attracted attention that only optimizes a few task-specific parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Zhen-Ru Zhang , Chuanqi Tan , Haiyang Xu , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Songfang Huang

Fraud detection and anti-money-laundering (AML) compliance are high-value domains for large language models (LLMs), but their serving requirements differ sharply from generic chat workloads. Compliance prompts are often prefix-heavy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Prathamesh Vasudeo Naik , Naresh Dintakurthi , Yue Wang

In the realm of Sign Language Translation (SLT), reliance on costly gloss-annotated datasets has posed a significant barrier. Recent advancements in gloss-free SLT methods have shown promise, yet they often largely lag behind gloss-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Han Liang , Chengyu Huang , Yuecheng Xu , Cheng Tang , Weicai Ye , Juze Zhang , Xin Chen , Jingyi Yu , Lan Xu

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Transfer learning techniques are particularly useful in NLP tasks where a sizable amount of high-quality annotated data is difficult to obtain. Current approaches directly adapt a pre-trained language model (LM) on in-domain text before…

The auto-regressive decoding of Large Language Models (LLMs) results in significant overheads in their hardware performance. While recent research has investigated various speculative decoding techniques for multi-token generation, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hao Mark Chen , Wayne Luk , Ka Fai Cedric Yiu , Rui Li , Konstantin Mishchenko , Stylianos I. Venieris , Hongxiang Fan

Recent works have revealed the great potential of speculative decoding in accelerating the autoregressive generation process of large language models. The success of these methods relies on the alignment between draft candidates and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jikai Wang , Zhenxu Tian , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Baoxing Huai , Min Zhang

We present an algorithm which modifies a deterministic pushdown automaton (DPDA) such that (i) the marked language is preserved, (ii) lifelocks are removed, (iii) deadlocks are removed, (iv) all states and edges are accessible, and (v)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-24 Sven Schneider , Uwe Nestmann