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The virtual braid group $VB_n$, the virtual twin group $VT_n$ and the virtual triplet group $VL_n$ are extensions of the symmetric group $S_n$, which are motivated by the Alexander-Markov correspondence for virtual knot theories. The…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Pravin Kumar , Tushar Kanta Naik , Neha Nanda , Mahender Singh

Twin groups and virtual twin groups are planar analogues of braid groups and virtual braid groups, respectively. These groups play the role of braid groups in the Alexander-Markov correspondence for the theory of stable isotopy classes of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Tushar Kanta Naik , Neha Nanda , Mahender Singh

In the paper, we construct a representation $\theta:FVB_n\to{\rm Aut}(F_{2n})$ of the flat virtual braid group $FVB_n$ on $n$ strands by automorphisms of the free group $F_{2n}$ with $2n$ generators which does not preserve the forbidden…

Lawrence-Krammer representations are an important family of linear representations of Artin-Tits groups of small type, which are known, under some assumptions on the parameters, to be faithful when the type is spherical (or more generally…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-28 Anatole Castella

In a recent paper here arXiv:1508.0005 it is shown that irreducible representations of the three string braid group $B_3$ of dimensions $\leq 5$ extend to representations of the 3-component loop braid group $LB_3$. Further, an explicit…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-01-22 Lieven Le Bruyn

As the 3-string braid group B(3) and the modular group PSL(2,Z) are both of wild representation type one cannot expect a full classification of all their finite dimensional simple representations. Still, one can aim to describe 'most'…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-03-21 Lieven Le Bruyn

The necklace braid group $\mathcal{NB}_n$ is the motion group of the $n+1$ component necklace link $\mathcal{L}_n$ in Euclidean $\mathbb{R}^3$. Here $\mathcal{L}_n$ consists of $n$ pairwise unlinked Euclidean circles each linked to an…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Alex Bullivant , Andrew Kimball , Paul Martin , Eric C. Rowell

Virtual knots arise in the study of Gauss diagrams and Vassiliev invariants of usual knots. Virtual braids correspond naturally to virtual knots. We consider the group of virtual braids on n strings VB_n and its Burau representation, in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-02-22 V. V. Vershinin

We consider the group of unrestricted virtual braids, describe its structure and explore its relations with fused links. Also, we define the groups of flat virtual braids and virtual Gauss braids and study some of their properties, in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-04 Valeriy Bardakov , Paolo Bellingeri , Celeste Damiani

In this paper we consider the cohomology of four groups related to the virtual braids of [Kauffman] and [Goussarov-Polyak-Viro], namely the pure and non-pure virtual braid groups (PvB_n and vB_n, respectively), and the pure and non-pure…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-10 Peter Lee

We classify representations of a class of Deligne-Mostow lattices into PGL(3;C). In particular, we show local rigidity for the representations (of Deligne-Mostow lattices with 3-fold symmetry and of type one) where the generators we chose…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-04 E Falbel , I Pasquinelli , A Ucan-Puc

Let X be a 2-sphere with n punctures. We classify all conjugacy classes of Zariski-dense representations $$\rho: \pi_1(X)\to SL_2(\mathbb{C})$$ with finite orbit under the mapping class group of X, such that the local monodromy at one or…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-04 Yeuk Hay Joshua Lam , Aaron Landesman , Daniel Litt

We establish a link between the new theory of $q$-deformed rational numbers and the classical Burau representation of the braid group $\mathrm{B}_3$. We apply this link to the open problem of classification of faithful complex…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Sophie Morier-Genoud , Valentin Ovsienko , Alexander Veselov

We consider the irreducible representations each of dimension 2 of the necklace braid group $\mathcal{NB}_n$ ($n=2,3,4$). We then consider the tensor product of the representations of $\mathcal{NB}_n$ ($n=2,3,4$) and determine necessary and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Taher I. Mayassi , Mohammad N. Abdulrahim

In this paper, we introduce twisted virtual doodles, defined as stable equivalence classes of immersed circles on closed surfaces that may be non-orientable. These objects admit planar representative diagrams, considered up to a suitable…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Komal Negi , Mahender Singh

We characterize all simple unitarizable representations of the braid group $B_3$ on complex vector spaces of dimension $d \leq 5$. In particular, we prove that if $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$ denote the two generating twists of $B_3$, then a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Imre Tuba

Virtual singular braids are generalizations of singular braids and virtual braids. We define the virtual singular braid monoid via generators and relations, and prove Alexander- and Markov-type theorems for virtual singular links. We also…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Carmen Caprau , Andrew de la Pena , Sarah McGahan

For $n \geq 2$ we describe an $O(l^3n)$-time algorithm that determines if a length $l$ virtual braid word in the standard presentation of the virtual braid group ${\mathcal VB}_n$ represents the trivial virtual braid.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Oleg Chterental

We study representations of the loop braid group $LB_n$ from the perspective of extending representations of the braid group $B_n$. We also pursue a generalization of the braid/Hecke/Temperlely-Lieb paradigm---uniform finite dimensional…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2014-12-16 Zoltan Kadar , Paul Martin , Eric Rowell , Zhenghan Wang

String and particle braiding statistics are examined in a class of topological orders described by discrete gauge theories with a gauge group $G$ and a 4-cocycle twist $\omega_4$ of $G$'s cohomology group…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-01-30 Juven Wang , Xiao-Gang Wen