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As a fundamental and extensively studied task in computer vision, image segmentation aims to locate and identify different semantic concepts at the pixel level. Recently, inspired by In-Context Learning (ICL), several generalist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Suo , Lanqing Lai , Mengyang Sun , Hanwang Zhang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

In Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs), the efficacy of In-Context Learning (ICL) remains limited by challenges in cross-modal interactions and representation disparities. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a novel Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yucheng Zhou , Xiang Li , Qianning Wang , Jianbing Shen

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

In this work, we address in-context learning (ICL) for the task of image segmentation, introducing a novel approach that adapts a modern Video Object Segmentation (VOS) technique for visual in-context learning. This adaptation is inspired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Thomas Foster , Ioana Croitoru , Robert Dorfman , Christoffer Edlund , Thomas Varsavsky , Jon Almazán

Visual In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a promising research area due to its capability to accomplish various tasks with limited example pairs through analogical reasoning. However, training-based visual ICL has limitations in its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zheng Gu , Shiyuan Yang , Jing Liao , Jing Huo , Yang Gao

In-context learning (ICL) enables generalization to new tasks with minimal labeled data. However, mainstream ICL approaches rely on a gridding strategy, which lacks the flexibility required for vision applications. We introduce Temporal, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Assefa Wahd , Jacob Jaremko , Abhilash Hareendranathan

The In-Context Learning (ICL) is to understand a new task via a few demonstrations (aka. prompt) and predict new inputs without tuning the models. While it has been widely studied in NLP, it is still a relatively new area of research in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yanpeng Sun , Qiang Chen , Xiaofan Li , Jian Wang , Jingdong Wang , Zechao Li

Universal models for medical image segmentation, such as interactive and in-context learning (ICL) models, offer strong generalization but require extensive annotations. Interactive models need repeated user prompts for each image, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jiesi Hu , Yanwu Yang , Zhiyu Ye , Jinyan Zhou , Jianfeng Cao , Hanyang Peng , Ting Ma

In-context Learning (ICL) is an emerging few-shot learning paradigm on Language Models (LMs) with inner mechanisms un-explored. There are already existing works describing the inner processing of ICL, while they struggle to capture all the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hakaze Cho , Mariko Kato , Yoshihiro Sakai , Naoya Inoue

We study the phenomenon of \textit{in-context learning} (ICL) exhibited by large language models, where they can adapt to a new learning task, given a handful of labeled examples, without any explicit parameter optimization. Our goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Jacob Abernethy , Alekh Agarwal , Teodor V. Marinov , Manfred K. Warmuth

Visual In-Context Learning (VICL) enables adaptively solving vision tasks by leveraging pixel demonstrations, mimicking human-like task completion through analogy. Prompt selection is critical in VICL, but current methods assume the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jinpeng Wang , Tianci Luo , Yaohua Zha , Yan Feng , Ruisheng Luo , Bin Chen , Tao Dai , Long Chen , Yaowei Wang , Shu-Tao Xia

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in a large number of downstream tasks. Nonetheless, compositional image understanding remains a rather difficult task due to the object bias present in training data. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Matteo Nulli , Anesa Ibrahimi , Avik Pal , Hoshe Lee , Ivona Najdenkoska

In-context learning (ICL) with Large Vision Models (LVMs) presents a promising avenue in medical image segmentation by reducing the reliance on extensive labeling. However, the ICL performance of LVMs highly depends on the choices of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chenwei Wu , David Restrepo , Zitao Shuai , Zhongming Liu , Liyue Shen

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated the emergence of in-context learning (ICL) as a cutting-edge approach in the natural language processing domain. Recently, ICL has been employed in visual understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Dianmo Sheng , Dongdong Chen , Zhentao Tan , Qiankun Liu , Qi Chu , Jianmin Bao , Tao Gong , Bin Liu , Shengwei Xu , Nenghai Yu

Visual-textual correlations in the attention maps derived from text-to-image diffusion models are proven beneficial to dense visual prediction tasks, e.g., semantic segmentation. However, a significant challenge arises due to the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Jiayi Lin , Jiabo Huang , Jian Hu , Shaogang Gong

In-context learning (ICL) derives its power from enabling Large Language Models to adapt to new tasks via prompt-based reasoning alone, entirely bypassing the need for parameter updates. Existing theories primarily study ICL in single-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guangyu Li , Meng Ding , Lijie Hu

Large language models (LLM) in natural language processing (NLP) have demonstrated great potential for in-context learning (ICL) -- the ability to leverage a few sets of example prompts to adapt to various tasks without having to explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Trevine Oorloff , Vishwanath Sindagi , Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Ali Shafahi , Amin Ghiasi , Charan Prakash , Reza Ardekani

In-context learning (ICL) is emerging as a promising technique for achieving universal medical image segmentation, where a variety of objects of interest across imaging modalities can be segmented using a single model. Nevertheless, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Shishuai Hu , Zehui Liao , Liangli Zhen , Huazhu Fu , Yong Xia

With the increasing ability of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has evolved as a new paradigm for natural language processing (NLP), where instead of fine-tuning the parameters of an LLM specific to a downstream task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Andrew Parry , Debasis Ganguly , Manish Chandra

In-context learning (ICL) using large language models for tasks with many labels is challenging due to the limited context window, which makes it difficult to fit a sufficient number of examples in the prompt. In this paper, we use a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Aristides Milios , Siva Reddy , Dzmitry Bahdanau
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