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Unmeasured confounding is a key threat to reliable causal inference based on observational studies. Motivated from two powerful natural experiment devices, the instrumental variables and difference-in-differences, we propose a new method…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-09 Ting Ye , Ashkan Ertefaie , James Flory , Sean Hennessy , Dylan S. Small

Divergence measures play a central role and become increasingly essential in deep learning, yet efficient measures for multiple (more than two) distributions are rarely explored. This becomes particularly crucial in areas where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Mingfei Lu , Chenxu Li , Shujian Yu , Robert Jenssen , Badong Chen

In this work, we connect two distinct concepts for unsupervised domain adaptation: feature distribution alignment between domains by utilizing the task-specific decision boundary and the Wasserstein metric. Our proposed sliced Wasserstein…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Chen-Yu Lee , Tanmay Batra , Mohammad Haris Baig , Daniel Ulbricht

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of large-scale learning, yet classical analyses rely on assumptions that can be either too strong (bounded variance) or too coarse (uniform noise). The expected smoothness (ES) condition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yuta Kawamoto , Hideaki Iiduka

In this paper, a novel statistical metric learning is developed for spectral-spatial classification of the hyperspectral image. First, the standard variance of the samples of each class in each batch is used to decrease the intra-class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Zhiqiang Gong , Ping Zhong , Weidong Hu , Zixuan Xiao , Xuping Yin

Kernel mean embeddings are a popular tool that consists in representing probability measures by their infinite-dimensional mean embeddings in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. When the kernel is characteristic, mean embeddings can be used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Boris Muzellec , Francis Bach , Alessandro Rudi

For more than $50$ years the {\it Mean Measure of Divergence} (MMD) has been one of the most prominent tools used in anthropology for the study of non-metric traits. However, one of the problems, in anthropology including palaeoanthropology…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-22 Federico Zertuche , Abigail Meza-Peñaloza

In various disordered systems or non-equilibrium dynamical models, the large deviations of some observables have been found to display different scalings for rare values bigger or smaller than the typical value. In the present paper, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-12 Cecile Monthus

Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization abilities, e.g. generating unseen, but natural data. However, the greater the generalization power, the more likely the unintended generalization, and the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Wan Jiang , He Wang , Xin Zhang , Dan Guo , Zhaoxin Fan , Yunfeng Diao , Richang Hong

Generalized linear models are a popular tool in applied statistics, with their maximum likelihood estimators enjoying asymptotic Gaussianity and efficiency. As all models are wrong, it is desirable to understand these estimators' behaviours…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-10 Elliot H. Young , Rajen D. Shah

Subgroup-specific meta-analysis synthesizes treatment effects for patient subgroups across randomized trials. Methods include joint or separate modeling of subgroup effects and treatment-by-subgroup interactions, but inconsistencies arise…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Renato Panaro , Christian Röver , Tim Friede

Stochastic descent methods (of the gradient and mirror varieties) have become increasingly popular in optimization. In fact, it is now widely recognized that the success of deep learning is not only due to the special deep architecture of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Navid Azizan , Babak Hassibi

Complex, high-dimensional data is ubiquitous across many scientific disciplines, including machine learning, biology, and the social sciences. One of the primary methods of visualizing these datasets is with two-dimensional scatter plots…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kiran Smelser , Kaviru Gunaratne , Jacob Miller , Stephen Kobourov

The kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy~(MMD) is a popular multivariate distance metric between distributions that has found utility in two-sample testing. The usual kernel-MMD test statistic is a degenerate U-statistic under the null, and thus…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ilmun Kim , Aaditya Ramdas

A key element in transfer learning is representation learning; if representations can be developed that expose the relevant factors underlying the data, then new tasks and domains can be learned readily based on mappings of these salient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-18 Yujia Li , Kevin Swersky , Richard Zemel

Stein showed that the multivariate sample mean is outperformed by "shrinking" to a constant target vector. Ledoit and Wolf extended this approach to the sample covariance matrix and proposed a multiple of the identity as shrinkage target.…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-08 Daniel Bartz , Johannes Höhne , Klaus-Robert Müller

We construct a Wasserstein gradient flow of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and study its convergence properties. The MMD is an integral probability metric defined for a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), and serves as a metric on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-04 Michael Arbel , Anna Korba , Adil Salim , Arthur Gretton

We propose two novel nonparametric two-sample kernel tests based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). First, for a fixed kernel, we construct an MMD test using either permutations or a wild bootstrap, two popular numerical procedures to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-22 Antonin Schrab , Ilmun Kim , Mélisande Albert , Béatrice Laurent , Benjamin Guedj , Arthur Gretton

We present the Shortfall Deviation Risk (SDR), a risk measure that represents the expected loss that occurs with certain probability penalized by the dispersion of results that are worse than such an expectation. SDR combines Expected…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-04 Marcelo Brutti Righi , Paulo Sergio Ceretta

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is a classical technique for embedding data in low dimensions, still in widespread use today. Originally introduced in the 1950's, MDS was not designed with high-dimensional data in mind; while it remains…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-01 Erez Peterfreund , Matan Gavish