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Quantum circuit simulators running on classical computers offer a vital platform for designing, testing, and optimizing quantum algorithms, driving innovation despite limited access to real quantum hardware. However, their scalability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Mosharev , Zuoheng Zou , Pavel Panteleev , Man-Hong Yung

Commercially available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices now make small hybrid quantum-classical experiments practical, but many tools hide configuration or demand ad-hoc scripting. We introduce the Quantum Experiment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Vincent Gierisch , Wolfgang Mauerer

Fidelity is one of the most valuable and commonly used metrics for assessing the performance of quantum circuits on error-prone quantum processors. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate circuit fidelity without executing it on…

Qubit noise spectroscopy (QNS) is a valuable tool for both the characterization of a qubit's environment and as a precursor to more effective qubit control to improve qubit fidelities. Existing approaches to QNS are what the classical…

Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks (HQNNs) offer promising potential of quantum computing while retaining the flexibility of classical deep learning. However, the limitations of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Tasnim Ahmed , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Shafique

In current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, hybrid quantum neural networks (HQNNs) offer a promising solution, combining the strengths of classical machine learning with quantum computing capabilities. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-27 Tasnim Ahmed , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

Quantum annealing is a type of analog computation that aims to use quantum mechanical fluctuations in search of optimal solutions of QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) or, equivalently, Ising problems. Since NP-hard problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

A key component of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) is the choice of classical optimizer employed to update the parameterization of an ansatz. It is well recognized that quantum algorithms will, for the foreseeable future, necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Jeffrey Larson , Matt Menickelly , Jiahao Shi

Adversarial noise attacks present a significant threat to quantum machine learning (QML) models, similar to their classical counterparts. This is especially true in the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era, where noise is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Yanling Lin , Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying , Zhaofeng Su

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices fail to produce outputs with sufficient fidelity for deep circuits with many gates today. Such devices suffer from read-out, multi-qubit gate and crosstalk noise combined with short…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Ellis Wilson , Frank Mueller , Lindsay Bassman , Constin Iancu

Quantum technologies available currently contain noise in general, often dubbed noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) systems. We here present the verification of noise in measurement readout errors in cloud-based quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Seungchan Seo , Joonwoo Bae

The numerical emulation of quantum physics and quantum chemistry often involves an intractable number of degrees of freedom and admits no known approximation in general form. In practice, representing quantum-mechanical states using…

Characterizing and mitigating errors in current noisy intermediate-scale devices is important to improve performance of next generations of quantum hardware. In order to investigate the importance of the different noise mechanisms affecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Gabriele Cenedese , Giuliano Benenti , Maria Bondani

The quantum kernel method, a promising quantum machine learning algorithm, possesses substantial potential for demonstrating quantum advantage. Although the majority of the quantum kernel is constructed in the context of gate-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Shen-Liang Yang , Chuan-Chi Huang , Yueh-Nan Chen , Hong-Bin Chen

In this paper we introduce a novel noise model for quantum measurements motivated by an indirect measurement scheme with faulty preparation. Averaging over random dynamics governing the interaction between the quantum system and a probe, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Faedi Loulidi , Ion Nechita , Clément Pellegrini

Quantum sensors hold considerable promise for precision measurement, yet their capabilities are inherently constrained by environmental noise. A fundamental task in quantum sensing is determining the precision limit of noisy sensor devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Dayou Yang , Moulik Ketkar , Koenraad Audenaert , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing devices have become an industrial reality in the last few years, and cloud-based interfaces to these devices are enabling exploration of near-term quantum computing on a range of problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Michael L. Wall , Matthew R. Abernathy , Gregory Quiroz

Quantum metrology is supposed to significantly improve the precision of parameter estimation by utilizing suitable quantum resources. However, the predicted precision can be severely distorted by realistic noises. Here, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Yue Zhai , Xiaodong Yang , Kai Tang , Xinyue Long , Xinfang Nie , Tao Xin , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

Implementing a quantum algorithm on a NISQ device has several challenges that arise from the fact that such devices are noisy and have limited quantum resources. Thus, various factors contributing to the depth and width as well as to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-25 Frank Leymann , Johanna Barzen